Causes and Mortality in Aplastic Anemia

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What is the underlying mechanism of drug-induced aplastic anemia?

Inhibition of hematopoietic stem cells

Autoimmune destruction of bone marrow cells

Formation of drug metabolite complexes with cellular proteins in bone marrow (correct)

Disruption of the bone marrow microenvironment

Which of the following is not a diagnostic criterion for aplastic anemia?

Platelet count of 55000/mm³ or less

Hemoglobin value of 10.0 g/dl or less

History of exposure to antineoplastic agents or intensive radiation (correct)

WBC count of 3500/mm³ or less

What is the first step in the treatment of drug-induced aplastic anemia?

Administering immunosuppressive therapy

Performing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Providing supportive care and transfusion support

Removing the suspected offending agent (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporine in the treatment of aplastic anemia?

Suppressing the immune system by inhibiting T-lymphocyte activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of severe aplastic anemia?

Neutrophil count of less than 500/mm³, Platelet count of less than 20,000/mm³ Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical dose of methylprednisolone used in the treatment of aplastic anemia?

1 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical timeframe for the symptoms of drug-induced agranulocytosis to appear?

Within 7 to 14 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common drug that can cause agranulocytosis?

Phenothiazine (Clozapine) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for drug-induced agranulocytosis?

Transfusion of granulocytes Signup and view all the answers

How does drug adsorption mechanism contribute to drug-induced neutropenia?

Antibodies attach to the drug-membrane complex causing cell toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is used for drug-induced agranulocytosis?

Complete blood count Signup and view all the answers

What do Sargramostim & Filgrastim (CSF) do in the treatment of drug-induced agranulocytosis?

They help the body make more neutrophils and other blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a drug that can induce hemolytic anemia?

Aspirin Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism by which drugs can induce hemolytic anemia?

The drugs cause the immune system to attack red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of drug-induced hemolytic anemia?

Chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What test is used to detect the presence of antibodies against red blood cells in the diagnosis of drug-induced hemolytic anemia?

Direct or indirect Coombs' test Signup and view all the answers

If drug-induced hemolytic anemia is severe, which of the following treatments may be used in addition to stopping the offending drug?

Corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin infusions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering iron supplements in the treatment of drug-induced hemolytic anemia?

To replace iron lost due to hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of mortality in patients with Aplastic anemia?

Bacterial and fungal infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated mortality rate for patients with drug-induced Aplastic anemia?

51% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is NOT known to cause Aplastic anemia?

Methotrexate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism by which drug-induced Aplastic anemia occurs?

Combination of direct cytotoxicity and immunologic response Signup and view all the answers

How does chemotherapy lead to Aplastic anemia?

By disrupting DNA synthesis and replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the key principle to consider when prescribing drugs known to cause Aplastic anemia?

The potential for the drug to cure or control the illness should always be weighed against the risks of Aplastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering erythropoietin in patients with kidney problems?

To increase red blood cell (RBC) production Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for transfusion therapy according to the text?

Transfusions should be avoided unless absolutely necessary Signup and view all the answers

In auto immune hemolytic anemia, what is the recommended approach for blood transfusions?

Use the least incompatible blood if transfusions are indicated Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy?

To provide antibodies for antibody deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

How long do the effects of IVIG typically last?

2 weeks to 3 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of megaloblastic anemia in drug-induced cases?

Effects of the drug on DNA synthesis Signup and view all the answers