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Questions and Answers
What are the two major cognitive abilities proposed by the Cattell Horn Model?
What are the two major cognitive abilities proposed by the Cattell Horn Model?
- fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence (correct)
- processing speed and correct decision speed
- visual processing and auditory processing
- quantitative knowledge and short-term memory
According to Cattell's theory, what is the role of fluid intelligence in learning?
According to Cattell's theory, what is the role of fluid intelligence in learning?
- It has no effect on learning
- It enhances the ability to learn from others
- It allows for fewer constraints on learning (correct)
- It limits the rate at which a person can acquire and retain new knowledge
What is the role of investment in the Cattell Horn Model?
What is the role of investment in the Cattell Horn Model?
- It determines the level of cognitive speed
- It moderates the influence of fluid intelligence on crystallized intelligence (correct)
- It has no role in the model
- It determines the level of general intelligence
What are the eight broad ability factors proposed by Horn?
What are the eight broad ability factors proposed by Horn?
What is the main difference between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the main difference between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the positive manifold in cognitive ability models?
What is the positive manifold in cognitive ability models?
What is the hierarchical structure of Carroll's model?
What is the hierarchical structure of Carroll's model?
What are the main higher-order ability factors in Carroll's model?
What are the main higher-order ability factors in Carroll's model?
What is the role of primary ability factors in Carroll's model?
What is the role of primary ability factors in Carroll's model?
What are the similarities between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What are the similarities between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the effect of investments on cognitive abilities in the Cattell Horn Model?
What is the effect of investments on cognitive abilities in the Cattell Horn Model?
What is the difference between the second stratum in the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the difference between the second stratum in the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What are the two major cognitive abilities proposed by the Cattell Horn Model?
What are the two major cognitive abilities proposed by the Cattell Horn Model?
According to Cattell's theory, what is the role of fluid intelligence in learning?
According to Cattell's theory, what is the role of fluid intelligence in learning?
What is the role of investment in the Cattell Horn Model?
What is the role of investment in the Cattell Horn Model?
What are the eight broad ability factors proposed by Horn?
What are the eight broad ability factors proposed by Horn?
What is the main difference between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the main difference between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the positive manifold in cognitive ability models?
What is the positive manifold in cognitive ability models?
What is the hierarchical structure of Carroll's model?
What is the hierarchical structure of Carroll's model?
What are the main higher-order ability factors in Carroll's model?
What are the main higher-order ability factors in Carroll's model?
What is the role of primary ability factors in Carroll's model?
What is the role of primary ability factors in Carroll's model?
What are the similarities between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What are the similarities between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the effect of investments on cognitive abilities in the Cattell Horn Model?
What is the effect of investments on cognitive abilities in the Cattell Horn Model?
What is the difference between the second stratum in the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the difference between the second stratum in the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What are the two major cognitive abilities proposed by the Cattell Horn Model?
What are the two major cognitive abilities proposed by the Cattell Horn Model?
What is the influence of fluid intelligence on crystallized intelligence according to the Cattell Horn Model?
What is the influence of fluid intelligence on crystallized intelligence according to the Cattell Horn Model?
What are the eight broad ability factors proposed by Horn?
What are the eight broad ability factors proposed by Horn?
What is the main difference between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the main difference between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model?
What is the positive manifold?
What is the positive manifold?
What is the purpose of factor analysis in both models?
What is the purpose of factor analysis in both models?
What are the three levels or strata of Carroll's model?
What are the three levels or strata of Carroll's model?
What is the investment required for acquiring new knowledge according to Cattell Horn Model?
What is the investment required for acquiring new knowledge according to Cattell Horn Model?
What is the difference between primary ability (first-order) factors and higher-order ability factors in Carroll's model?
What is the difference between primary ability (first-order) factors and higher-order ability factors in Carroll's model?
Which model proposes a general intelligence factor (g)?
Which model proposes a general intelligence factor (g)?
What is the main purpose of the positive manifold?
What is the main purpose of the positive manifold?
What is the relationship between cognitive abilities in both models?
What is the relationship between cognitive abilities in both models?
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Study Notes
Cognitive Ability Models: Cattell Horn vs. Carroll
- The Cattell Horn Model proposes that the original g factor of Spearman breaks down into two major cognitive abilities: fluid intelligence (gf) and crystallized intelligence (gc).
- Cattell's theory explains that low fluid intelligence limits the rate at which a person can acquire and retain new knowledge, while high fluid intelligence allows for fewer constraints on learning.
- The influence of fluid intelligence on crystallized intelligence is moderated by investment, which can be due to societal, familial, and personal investments.
- Horn proposed an additional eight broad ability factors, including quantitative knowledge, short-term memory, visual processing, auditory processing, long-term retrieval, processing speed, correct decision speed, and reading/writing.
- Carroll's Principia presents a comprehensive account of human cognitive abilities, using systematic exploratory factor analysis of over 460 human cognitive ability datasets.
- Primary ability (first-order) factors emerge when a battery of tests covering the spectrum of abilities are subjected to factor analysis.
- The main higher-order ability factors extracted from Carroll's analyses include fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, visual perception, auditory perception, cognitive speed, retrieval ability, and memory ability.
- Carroll's model is a hierarchical model with three levels or strata: top (third) stratum III (general ability), second stratum II (broad abilities), and first stratum I (narrow abilities).
- The main differences between the Cattell Horn Model and Carroll's model are that Cattell Horn did not include a general intelligence factor (g) at the top stratum, and Cattell Horn included a quantitative knowledge domain and reading and writing abilities at the second stratum while Carroll did not.
- Both models have similarities, including the recognition of fluid and crystallized intelligence as major cognitive abilities, the use of factor analysis, and the positive manifold.
- The positive manifold is explained by the strong correlation between gf and gc, where gf causes gc via investment, but investments pay smaller dividends for people low in gf.
- The intelligence factors in both models are inter-correlated positively with each other, indicating that cognitive abilities are related and can influence one another.
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