Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which catheter is specifically designed for measuring pressures in the pulmonary artery?
Which catheter is specifically designed for measuring pressures in the pulmonary artery?
What is the typical size range of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) beads used in tumor embolization?
What is the typical size range of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) beads used in tumor embolization?
What is the primary purpose of a central venous catheter?
What is the primary purpose of a central venous catheter?
Which of the following devices is commonly used for ablating tumors through freezing?
Which of the following devices is commonly used for ablating tumors through freezing?
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What technique is often utilized for catheter placement into the body?
What technique is often utilized for catheter placement into the body?
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Which type of catheter is known for having multiple side holes near the tip for high-volume injection?
Which type of catheter is known for having multiple side holes near the tip for high-volume injection?
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What is the primary purpose of guide wires in angiographic procedures?
What is the primary purpose of guide wires in angiographic procedures?
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How do intermittent catheters primarily function?
How do intermittent catheters primarily function?
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Which catheter type is specifically designed with a balloon near its leading end to dilate stenosis?
Which catheter type is specifically designed with a balloon near its leading end to dilate stenosis?
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What is a common size for puncture needles used to cannulate arteries?
What is a common size for puncture needles used to cannulate arteries?
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Which of the following statements about catheter shapes is true?
Which of the following statements about catheter shapes is true?
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What type of stent is designed to prevent recurrent stenosis?
What type of stent is designed to prevent recurrent stenosis?
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Which tip shapes are typically found on guide wires?
Which tip shapes are typically found on guide wires?
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What is a characteristic feature of a pigtailed catheter?
What is a characteristic feature of a pigtailed catheter?
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Which catheter size range is most commonly used for adult diagnostic procedures?
Which catheter size range is most commonly used for adult diagnostic procedures?
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What type of catheter is most suitable for large vessels?
What type of catheter is most suitable for large vessels?
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Which statement about catheter sizes is true?
Which statement about catheter sizes is true?
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What is the primary purpose of a catheter in medical procedures?
What is the primary purpose of a catheter in medical procedures?
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Which of the following is a recommended characteristic of an ideal catheter?
Which of the following is a recommended characteristic of an ideal catheter?
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What do side holes in a catheter typically enhance?
What do side holes in a catheter typically enhance?
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What measurement scale is commonly used for catheters?
What measurement scale is commonly used for catheters?
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Study Notes
Catheter Types
- Flush catheters: used for fast injecting contrast into large vessels like the aorta
- Selective catheters: used for injecting contrast into specific smaller vessels
- Angioplasty Catheters: used to widen narrowed vessels by inflating a balloon inside the vessel
- Intermittent Catheters: long hollow tubes, used to drain the bladder
- Pediatric Catheters: specialized to be used with children, usually around 80cm long
- Diagnostic catheters: used to perform angiograms
- Guiding catheters: used to place angioplasty catheters
- Balloon Catheters: various types, used for drainage and other applications
Puncture Needles
- Used to enter an artery
- Available in sizes: 18ga, 19ga, 20ga, 21ga
- Needle size selection depends on the guidewire size that will be used
Guide Wire
- Used to navigate inside vessels to help place catheters
- Used in both Cardiology and Radiology procedures
- Made from metal or plastic
- Two main functions: exchange and guidance within a vessel
- Tip shapes: J Tip / Straight Tip
Stents
- Used to hold open vessels to prevent narrowing (stenosis)
- Can be made from bare metal or covered with a fabric
- Two types: self-expandable and balloon stents
Embolic Materials
- Used to block specific vessels or deliver therapeutic agents
- Examples of materials used:
- Embolization coils
- Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) beads
Percutaneous Ablation Devices
- Used to destroy tumors using heat or freezing
- Devices used:
- Cryoablation (freezing tumors)
- Radiofrequency ablation (burning tumors)
- Microwave ablation (burning tumors)
Uses & Applications of Catheters
- Drain urine from the bladder (urinary catheterization)
- Drain fluid from the body, e.g. kidney pelvis
- Drain fluid collections, e.g. abdominal abscess
- Administer intravenous fluids, medications, or nutrition
- Angioplasty, angiography, balloon septostomy, balloon angioplasty
- Deliver anesthetic medication
Angiography Catheter
Definition
- A hollow, flexible tube inserted into vessels or body cavities
- Used for drainage, injection of fluids, distending passages, or providing access for surgical instruments
- Can be "soft" (thin and flexible) or "hard" (larger and solid)
- Made from various polymers, including silicone rubber, latex, and thermoplastic elastomers
Ideal Characteristics
- Strength
- Radiopacity (visible on x-ray)
- Flexibility
- Low surface friction for easy guidance
Parts
- Hub: connects to a syringe or other medical device
- Body: the main part of the catheter
- Tip: the end of the catheter
Measurement
- French catheter scale (FR or Fr): used to measure the outer diameter of cylindrical instruments including catheters
- Most commonly used diagnostic catheters are 5-7 Fr in adults
#### Types of Catheters
Holes
- Different types based on hole configuration:
- Single Hole
- End Hole with side holes
- Blocked end with side holes only
- More holes at the end = More contrast used, for large vessels
- Only end hole = Smaller vessels, like the carotid artery
- Combo end and side holes reduce trauma to the vessel, enhances contrast
Sizes
- Abdominal catheters: 6-80 cm
- Thoracic or Carotid Arteries: 100-120 cm
- Size depends on patient age, selectivity, and vessel size
Shapes
- Straight Catheter: end hole only
- Pigtailed Catheter:
- Circular tip with multiple side holes
- Reduces "whiplash" (sudden movement) and controls contrast delivery
- Allows injection of higher volumes of contrast
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Description
Test your knowledge on various catheter types including flush, selective, and pediatric catheters, as well as the role of puncture needles and guide wires in medical procedures. This quiz is designed to help you understand the specific applications of different catheters and other tools used in cardiology and radiology.
