Catalysis Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction?

  • Lowers the activation energy for the reaction (correct)
  • Modifies the thermodynamics of the reaction
  • Alters the equilibrium compositions of the reactants and products
  • Changes the yield and purity of the products

What is a catalyst in the context of catalysis?

  • A material that alters the thermodynamics of a reaction
  • An element that changes the equilibrium compositions of a chemical system
  • A foreign material that speeds up a reaction without being substantially consumed (correct)
  • A substance that consumes reactants in a chemical reaction

How does catalysis contribute to sustainability?

  • By increasing the activation energy of chemical reactions
  • By slowing down the rate of chemical reactions
  • By generating large amounts of side products and waste
  • By reducing the necessity of dangerous and expensive chemicals (correct)

What characteristic of a catalyst allows it to be used in small amounts relative to the substrate?

<p>Ability to alter the rate of reaction without being substantially consumed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a catalyst affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>By introducing new reaction pathways and lowering the activation barrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Catalysts and Catalysis

  • A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed or altered in the process.
  • The primary effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction is to lower the activation energy, allowing the reaction to occur faster and more efficiently.
  • Catalysis contributes to sustainability by reducing the amount of energy required for a reaction, thus minimizing waste and environmental impact.

Characteristics of Catalysts

  • A catalyst can be used in small amounts relative to the substrate because it is not consumed during the reaction and can be recovered and reused.
  • This characteristic of a catalyst is known as its turnover number, which represents the number of substrate molecules that can be converted by a single catalyst molecule.

Catalysts and Reaction Rate

  • A catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, allowing more reactant molecules to react in a given time.
  • The presence of a catalyst increases the frequency of successful collisions between reactant molecules, leading to a faster reaction rate.

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