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Questions and Answers
Which term describes a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct?
Which term describes a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct?
- Homogeneous mixture
- Colloids
- Heterogeneous mixture (correct)
- Solutions
What are coffee and corn starch with water examples of?
What are coffee and corn starch with water examples of?
- Colloids (correct)
- Heterogeneous mixture
- Homogeneous mixture
- Solutions
Which of the following is a suspension?
Which of the following is a suspension?
- Milk
- Muddy water (correct)
- Smoke
- Fog
What is the jerky random movement of particles in a liquid colloid due to particle collisions known as?
What is the jerky random movement of particles in a liquid colloid due to particle collisions known as?
Two liquids that separate shortly after being mixed are said to be:
Two liquids that separate shortly after being mixed are said to be:
What forms can energy be transformed into according to the Law of Conservation of Energy?
What forms can energy be transformed into according to the Law of Conservation of Energy?
Which of the following is NOT a type of energy described in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a type of energy described in the content?
Which option correctly describes 'Specific Heat'?
Which option correctly describes 'Specific Heat'?
What is the function of energy that is transferred between substances at different temperatures?
What is the function of energy that is transferred between substances at different temperatures?
What unit is most commonly associated with measuring the amount of energy in the SI system?
What unit is most commonly associated with measuring the amount of energy in the SI system?
Which of the following describes a homogeneous catalyst?
Which of the following describes a homogeneous catalyst?
What does the collision theory explain?
What does the collision theory explain?
What is the term for a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants?
What is the term for a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants?
Which factor measures the amount of a substance in a given volume?
Which factor measures the amount of a substance in a given volume?
Which statement is true about catalyzed reactions?
Which statement is true about catalyzed reactions?
What expresses concentration in terms of the number of moles of solvent per liter of solution?
What expresses concentration in terms of the number of moles of solvent per liter of solution?
Which of these has units of mol/kg?
Which of these has units of mol/kg?
Which term correctly classifies a tossed salad or taco?
Which term correctly classifies a tossed salad or taco?
Which scatters a beam of light as it passes through?
Which scatters a beam of light as it passes through?
Which is not a heterogeneous substance?
Which is not a heterogeneous substance?
What term refers to the presence of a particular amount of substance in a system?
What term refers to the presence of a particular amount of substance in a system?
Which term describes the speed at which chemical reactions occur?
Which term describes the speed at which chemical reactions occur?
What is the minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place?
What is the minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place?
Which factor affects reaction rate by changing the number of collisions between particles?
Which factor affects reaction rate by changing the number of collisions between particles?
What is known as a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed?
What is known as a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed?
What do we call a substance that slows down the rate of a chemical reaction?
What do we call a substance that slows down the rate of a chemical reaction?
What is the function of the thermometer in the calorimeter?
What is the function of the thermometer in the calorimeter?
Which part of the calorimeter is responsible for mixing the water?
Which part of the calorimeter is responsible for mixing the water?
What is the main purpose of the insulated container in a calorimeter?
What is the main purpose of the insulated container in a calorimeter?
Which component in the calorimeter is directly ignited to start the reaction?
Which component in the calorimeter is directly ignited to start the reaction?
What role do the ignition wires play in a calorimeter?
What role do the ignition wires play in a calorimeter?
What term refers to the amount of substance present in a given volume?
What term refers to the amount of substance present in a given volume?
Which equation expresses the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentrations of reactants?
Which equation expresses the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentrations of reactants?
The numerical constant value in the rate law equation is known as the:
The numerical constant value in the rate law equation is known as the:
What term refers to how the rate is affected, in the rate law equation for a reaction?
What term refers to how the rate is affected, in the rate law equation for a reaction?
Which experimental technique involves measuring the rate of a reaction at the beginning, before significant product formation occurs?
Which experimental technique involves measuring the rate of a reaction at the beginning, before significant product formation occurs?
The rate of a reaction at a specific point in time is referred to as the:
The rate of a reaction at a specific point in time is referred to as the:
What is a complex reaction involving multiple elementary steps termed?
What is a complex reaction involving multiple elementary steps termed?
What is the sequence of individual chemical reactions that occur to bring about the overall reaction called?
What is the sequence of individual chemical reactions that occur to bring about the overall reaction called?
What is an unstable species formed in one step of a multi-step reaction and consumed in another step called?
What is an unstable species formed in one step of a multi-step reaction and consumed in another step called?
What changes with temperature in a reaction?
What changes with temperature in a reaction?
What is the method of initial rates used to determine?
What is the method of initial rates used to determine?
Which of the following is a property of weak acids?
Which of the following is a property of weak acids?
What is the concept of a pH scale used to measure?
What is the concept of a pH scale used to measure?
A substance that can act as both an acid and a base is called?
A substance that can act as both an acid and a base is called?
Which concept extends the definition of acids and bases beyond aqueous solutions?
Which concept extends the definition of acids and bases beyond aqueous solutions?
Which property describes a solution with a pOH less than 7?
Which property describes a solution with a pOH less than 7?
What is the pH range for an acidic solution?
What is the pH range for an acidic solution?
Which concept explains substances that can change from acids to bases and vice versa by gaining or losing protons?
Which concept explains substances that can change from acids to bases and vice versa by gaining or losing protons?
What is a substance called that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution according to the Arrhenius model?
What is a substance called that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution according to the Arrhenius model?
Which model defines a base as a substance that donates a hydroxide ion?
Which model defines a base as a substance that donates a hydroxide ion?
What does a substance become when it accepts a proton?
What does a substance become when it accepts a proton?
What is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution?
What is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution?
What effect describes the scattering of light as it passes through a colloid?
What effect describes the scattering of light as it passes through a colloid?
Which type of mixture has particles that settle out over time?
Which type of mixture has particles that settle out over time?
What term refers to the process in which particles of one substance are distributed uniformly throughout another substance?
What term refers to the process in which particles of one substance are distributed uniformly throughout another substance?
What term describes when a solute can no longer dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure?
What term describes when a solute can no longer dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure?
Study Notes
Chemistry Study Notes
Types of Mixtures
- A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.
- Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include coffee and corn starch with water.
- A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture, such as muddy water.
Energy and Work
- Energy is the capacity to do work or produce heat.
- The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
- Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.
- Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies due to a temperature difference.
- The unit commonly used to measure energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the Joule.
- Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
Concentration and Reaction Rates
- Concentration refers to the amount of substance present in a system.
- Reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place.
- Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
- Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
- Surface area affects the rate of a reaction by influencing the number of collisions between reacting particles.
- Molality is a measure of concentration that expresses the number of moles of solvent per liter of solution.
Catalysts
- Homogeneous catalysts exist in the same phase as the reactants.
- Heterogeneous catalysts exist in a different phase from the reactants.
Calorimeter
- A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat of a reaction.
- The parts of a calorimeter include a thermometer, ignition wires, stirrer, oxygen, insulated container, and water.
Reaction Mechanisms
- A reaction mechanism is the sequence of individual chemical reactions that occur to bring about the overall reaction.
- An intermediate is an unstable species formed in one step of a multi-step reaction and consumed in another step.
- The rate constant of a reaction changes with temperature.
- The specific rate constant (k) is a measure of reaction order.
- The method of initial rates is used to determine the rate law of a reaction.
Acids and Bases
- An amphoteric substance is one that can act as both an acid and a base.
- The Bronsted-Lowry model extends the concept of acids and bases to substances other than water.
- pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
- Weak acids partially dissociate in water.
- A basic solution has a pOH greater than 7, while an acidic solution has a pOH less than 7.
- pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration in a solution.
Solvation Process
- Solvation refers to the process of solvent particles surrounding solute particles to form a solution.
Factors Affecting Solvation
- Lowering the temperature can decrease the rate of solvation.
Supersaturated Solution
- A supersaturated solution is made by heating to high temperature, saturating, and then slowly cooling.
Energy Change During Solution Formation
- The process of energy change that occurs during solution formation is known as the heat of solution.
Solute Properties
- Solubility is the property of a solute that describes its ability to dissolve in a solvent.
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Description
Test your knowledge of catalysts, reaction energy, and collision theory with these multiple-choice questions and diagram labeling exercises. Learn about the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and how they affect reaction energy.
