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Chemistry: Catalysts and Reaction Energy
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Chemistry: Catalysts and Reaction Energy

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Questions and Answers

Which term describes a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct?

  • Homogeneous mixture
  • Colloids
  • Heterogeneous mixture (correct)
  • Solutions

    • What are coffee and corn starch with water examples of?

  • Colloids (correct)
  • Heterogeneous mixture
  • Homogeneous mixture
  • Solutions

    • Which of the following is a suspension?

  • Milk
  • Muddy water (correct)
  • Smoke
  • Fog

    • What is the jerky random movement of particles in a liquid colloid due to particle collisions known as?

    <p>Brownian motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two liquids that separate shortly after being mixed are said to be:

    <p>Immiscible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms can energy be transformed into according to the Law of Conservation of Energy?

    <p>Chemical and Thermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of energy described in the content?

    <p>Joule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly describes 'Specific Heat'?

    <p>The thermal energy required to change one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of energy that is transferred between substances at different temperatures?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit is most commonly associated with measuring the amount of energy in the SI system?

    <p>Joule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a homogeneous catalyst?

    <p>A catalyst that exists in the same phase as the reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the collision theory explain?

    <p>That molecules must collide with the correct orientation and sufficient energy for a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants?

    <p>Heterogeneous catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor measures the amount of a substance in a given volume?

    <p>Concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about catalyzed reactions?

    <p>Catalysts lower the activation energy needed for the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What expresses concentration in terms of the number of moles of solvent per liter of solution?

    <p>Molality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these has units of mol/kg?

    <p>Molality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term correctly classifies a tossed salad or taco?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scatters a beam of light as it passes through?

    <p>Heterogeneous mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a heterogeneous substance?

    <p>Soft drink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the presence of a particular amount of substance in a system?

    <p>Concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the speed at which chemical reactions occur?

    <p>Reaction Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place?

    <p>Activation Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects reaction rate by changing the number of collisions between particles?

    <p>Surface Area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is known as a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed?

    <p>Catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do we call a substance that slows down the rate of a chemical reaction?

    <p>Inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thermometer in the calorimeter?

    <p>To measure the temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the calorimeter is responsible for mixing the water?

    <p>Stirrer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the insulated container in a calorimeter?

    <p>To prevent heat exchange with the surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component in the calorimeter is directly ignited to start the reaction?

    <p>Sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the ignition wires play in a calorimeter?

    <p>Igniting the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the amount of substance present in a given volume?

    <p>Concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation expresses the relationship between the rate of a reaction and the concentrations of reactants?

    <p>Rate Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The numerical constant value in the rate law equation is known as the:

    <p>Specific Rate Constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to how the rate is affected, in the rate law equation for a reaction?

    <p>Reaction Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which experimental technique involves measuring the rate of a reaction at the beginning, before significant product formation occurs?

    <p>Method of Initial Rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rate of a reaction at a specific point in time is referred to as the:

    <p>Instantaneous Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complex reaction involving multiple elementary steps termed?

    <p>Reaction mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of individual chemical reactions that occur to bring about the overall reaction called?

    <p>Reaction mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an unstable species formed in one step of a multi-step reaction and consumed in another step called?

    <p>Intermediate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes with temperature in a reaction?

    <p>Rate constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of initial rates used to determine?

    <p>The rate law of a reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a property of weak acids?

    <p>Partially dissociate in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of a pH scale used to measure?

    <p>Concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A substance that can act as both an acid and a base is called?

    <p>Amphoteric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept extends the definition of acids and bases beyond aqueous solutions?

    <p>Bronsted-Lowry model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property describes a solution with a pOH less than 7?

    <p>Acidic solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range for an acidic solution?

    <p>Less than 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept explains substances that can change from acids to bases and vice versa by gaining or losing protons?

    <p>Bronsted-Lowry theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a substance called that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution according to the Arrhenius model?

    <p>Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model defines a base as a substance that donates a hydroxide ion?

    <p>Arrhenius model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a substance become when it accepts a proton?

    <p>Conjugate acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a measure of the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution?

    <p>Concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect describes the scattering of light as it passes through a colloid?

    <p>Tyndall effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mixture has particles that settle out over time?

    <p>Suspension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the process in which particles of one substance are distributed uniformly throughout another substance?

    <p>Solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes when a solute can no longer dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure?

    <p>Saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemistry Study Notes

    Types of Mixtures

    • A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.
    • Examples of heterogeneous mixtures include coffee and corn starch with water.
    • A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture, such as muddy water.

    Energy and Work

    • Energy is the capacity to do work or produce heat.
    • The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
    • Chemical potential energy is the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds.
    • Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between two bodies due to a temperature difference.
    • The unit commonly used to measure energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the Joule.
    • Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

    Concentration and Reaction Rates

    • Concentration refers to the amount of substance present in a system.
    • Reaction rate is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place.
    • Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
    • Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
    • Surface area affects the rate of a reaction by influencing the number of collisions between reacting particles.
    • Molality is a measure of concentration that expresses the number of moles of solvent per liter of solution.

    Catalysts

    • Homogeneous catalysts exist in the same phase as the reactants.
    • Heterogeneous catalysts exist in a different phase from the reactants.

    Calorimeter

    • A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat of a reaction.
    • The parts of a calorimeter include a thermometer, ignition wires, stirrer, oxygen, insulated container, and water.

    Reaction Mechanisms

    • A reaction mechanism is the sequence of individual chemical reactions that occur to bring about the overall reaction.
    • An intermediate is an unstable species formed in one step of a multi-step reaction and consumed in another step.
    • The rate constant of a reaction changes with temperature.
    • The specific rate constant (k) is a measure of reaction order.
    • The method of initial rates is used to determine the rate law of a reaction.

    Acids and Bases

    • An amphoteric substance is one that can act as both an acid and a base.
    • The Bronsted-Lowry model extends the concept of acids and bases to substances other than water.
    • pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
    • Weak acids partially dissociate in water.
    • A basic solution has a pOH greater than 7, while an acidic solution has a pOH less than 7.
    • pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration in a solution.

    Solvation Process

    • Solvation refers to the process of solvent particles surrounding solute particles to form a solution.

    Factors Affecting Solvation

    • Lowering the temperature can decrease the rate of solvation.

    Supersaturated Solution

    • A supersaturated solution is made by heating to high temperature, saturating, and then slowly cooling.

    Energy Change During Solution Formation

    • The process of energy change that occurs during solution formation is known as the heat of solution.

    Solute Properties

    • Solubility is the property of a solute that describes its ability to dissolve in a solvent.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of catalysts, reaction energy, and collision theory with these multiple-choice questions and diagram labeling exercises. Learn about the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and how they affect reaction energy.

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