Case Study: B-acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely diagnosis based on the provided information?

  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Infectious Mononucleosis
  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • Acute leukemia (correct)

    • What is the most likely explanation for the thrombocytopenia?

  • Nutritional deficiency
  • Increased platelet destruction
  • Splenic sequestration
  • Bone marrow suppression due to leukemia (correct)

    • What is the significance of the "flower like cells" observed in the peripheral blood smear?

  • They are a hallmark of acute leukemia. (correct)
  • They are indicative of an autoimmune disorder.
  • They are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia.
  • They are often associated with viral infections.

    • What is the purpose of the immunophenotyping?

    <p>To identify the specific type of leukemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely reason for the recommendation for bone marrow examination?

    <p>To diagnose and classify the leukemia accurately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Case Presentation

    • A 13-year-old male presented with epistaxis (nosebleed) and pallor (pale skin)
    • Laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and leukocytosis (high white blood cell count)
    • Peripheral blood smear showed blast cells with a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio, irregular nuclei, and scant cytoplasm
    • Red blood cell morphology was normochromic and normocytic.
    • Platelet count was moderately reduced (~54 x 10^9/L)
    • Immunophenotyping indicated a possible B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) possibly of a 'common' subtype, highlighted by aberrant CD33 expression

    CBC Findings

    • White blood cell count (WBC): 335 x 10^9/L (an elevated white blood cell count)
    • Platelet count (PLT): 41 x 10^9/L (a markedly low platelet count)
    • Hemoglobin (HGB): low (4.6 or lower)
    • Hematocrit (HCT): low (14.1%)

    Immunophenotyping Details

    • The study used flow cytometry to analyze the blood sample.
    • The results suggest a predominance of blasts (a type of immature white blood cells)
    • Analysis revealed the presence of certain markers (positive or negative) on the blasts.
    • The results strongly suggest a diagnosis of B-ALL with a probable "common" subtype, characterized by aberrant CD33 expression.

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    Description

    This quiz covers a clinical case presentation of a 13-year-old male diagnosed with possible B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Explore the laboratory findings, including blood smear analysis and immunophenotyping results that highlight key features of this hematological disorder.

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