Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Laboratory Diagnosis

What is the typical immunophenotype associated with the t(9;22) translocation?

Precursor B-cell

Which translocation is associated with a poor prognosis?

t(4;11)

What is the typical morphology of blasts in t(4;11) translocation?

L1 or L2

What is a characteristic feature of the nuclear shape in lymphoblasts?

Irregular with indentation and folding Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the hand-mirror deformity in lymphoblasts?

It can be seen in any type of leukemia, but its frequency increases in L2 Signup and view all the answers

Which translocation is associated with a good prognosis and can be detected by molecular techniques such as PCR or FISH?

t(12;21) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of L3 type of leukemia among all cases of ALL?

2-3% Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of blasts in t(1;19) translocation?

CD19+, CD10- Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of cytochemistry and flow cytometry in distinguishing L2 from myeloblastic leukemia?

They are important for confirmation of diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of patients with pre-B ALL show the t(1;19) translocation?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the cytoplasm in lymphoblasts?

It is variable in volume and basophilia Signup and view all the answers

What is the age group commonly affected by L3 type of leukemia?

Both children and adults, but usually children Signup and view all the answers

What is the best age range for responding to treatment for ALL?

Children between 2-6 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a leukocyte count of 50,000/mm3 in ALL patients?

Bad prognosis with heavy infiltration Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of favorable prognosis based on immune markers in ALL?

CALLA > pre-B ALL > pro-B ALL > T-ALL > B-ALL Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ALL in infants younger than one year of age at diagnosis?

It frequently presents with CNS leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a low leukocyte count in ALL patients?

It is a good predictor of treatment outcome Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for children older than 10 years with ALL?

Poor prognosis in comparison with patients in the intermediate age group Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of lymphoblastic leukemia cases does L1 type constitute?

60%-70% Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range in which L1 type is commonly seen?

2-10 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nuclear shape in L1 blasts?

Regular Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the chromatin in L1 blasts?

Fairly dense and homogeneous Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleoli in L1 blasts?

Inconspicuous Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis of L1 type compared to other types of ALL?

Good Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of anemia in ALL patients?

Normocytic normochromic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of lymphoblasts typically seen in Romanowsky-stained blood smears?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for ALL in which no lymphoblasts are seen in the peripheral blood?

Aleukemic ALL Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of examining CSF in ALL patients?

To detect meningeal involvement by lymphoblasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the FAB classification of ALL?

Morphologic appearance of leukemic blasts by light microscopy Signup and view all the answers

How many subgroups of ALL are classified according to the FAB classification?

3 Signup and view all the answers