Cartilage Tissue Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of hyaline cartilage?

  • Basophilic matrix
  • Presence of Type II collagen
  • Ability to undergo interstitial growth
  • Presence of blood vessels (correct)

What specific process is responsible for the growth of hyaline cartilage, particularly through the formation of isogenic groups?

  • Interstitial Growth (correct)
  • Intercalated Growth
  • Axial Growth
  • Appositional Growth

Besides containing Type II collagen, what other components are primarily found within the matrix of hyaline cartilage?

  • Elastin fibers and ground substance
  • Collagen fibers and proteoglycans (correct)
  • Reticular fibers and chondronectin
  • Collagen fibers and fibronectin

Which of the following structures is primarily composed of elastic cartilage?

<p>External ear (pinna) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of Type II collagen by weight within the matrix of hyaline cartilage?

<p>40% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of chondronectin in cartilage?

<p>Chondronectin facilitates attachment of chondrocytes to the cartilage matrix. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chondrocytes within the cartilage matrix?

<p>To maintain the extracellular matrix. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is primarily responsible for the high tensile strength and resistance to compressive forces found in cartilage?

<p>Type II collagen fibers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes axial isogenic groups of chondrocytes?

<p>They are arranged linearly, reflecting the direction of stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does appositional growth of cartilage originate?

<p>From new cells and matrix added from the perichondrium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen is predominantly found in the extracellular matrix of cartilage?

<p>Type II. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do proteoglycans, such as aggrecan, play in the cartilage matrix?

<p>They contribute to the overall consistency of the matrix. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the perichondrium and cartilage growth?

<p>The perichondrium contributes new cells and matrix during appositional growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of chondrocytes, as described in the text?

<p>They reside in lacunae within the cartilage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of elastic fibers in the context of cartilage?

<p>Contributing to elasticity and resilience of the tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following locations would you MOST likely find fibrocartilage?

<p>Intervertebral discs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of collagen is predominantly found in fibrocartilage?

<p>Type I and Type II collagen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with fibrocartilage?

<p>Presence of a Perichondrium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of articular cartilage?

<p>To reduce friction and facilitate smooth joint movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following most accurately describes chondroblasts?

<p>Immature cells actively involved in producing the extracellular matrix. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chondrogenic cells?

<p>They are precursor cells that differentiate into chondroblasts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The eosinophilic matrix of cartilage stains which color?

<p>Pink (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is LEAST associated with cartilage tissue in the body?

<p>Facilitating rapid muscle contraction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'perichondrium' refer to in the context of cartilage?

<p>The membrane surrounding most types of cartilage, except fibrocartilage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hyaline Cartilage

The most common type of cartilage, found in areas like the nose, larynx, trachea, articular surfaces of joints, and the epiphyseal disc of growing bones.

Cartilage

A specialized connective tissue with a solid matrix composed mainly of collagen fibers and ground substances like proteoglycans.

Hyaline Cartilage Growth

It grows by interstitial growth through the formation of isogenic groups.

Elastic Cartilage

A type of cartilage found in structures that require elasticity, such as the external ear (pinna).

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Cartilage Blood Supply

Cartilage, unlike other connective tissue, does not contain blood vessels.

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Elastic Cartilage Function

Provides cushioning and absorbs mechanical forces, allowing for flexible movement, found in areas like joints, intervertebral discs, and tendons.

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Elastic Cartilage Composition

Composed mainly of elastic fibers, giving it the ability to stretch and recoil.

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Elastic Cartilage Support

Provides structural support for various body parts, preventing them from collapsing.

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Chondroblasts

Cells that produce the extracellular matrix in cartilage.

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Fibrocartilage

Type of cartilage found in areas subject to high mechanical stress, containing Type I and Type II collagen.

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Eosinophilic Matrix

The extracellular matrix of cartilage, appearing pink under a microscope.

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Perichondrium

A layer of connective tissue that surrounds most cartilage, except fibrocartilage.

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Chondrogenic Cells

Immature cartilage cells that actively produce the extracellular matrix.

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Articular Cartilage Function

Reduces friction between bones in joints, allowing for smooth movement.

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Chondrocytes

Cartilage cells responsible for maintaining the extracellular matrix of cartilage.

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Lacunae

Small spaces within the cartilage matrix where chondrocytes reside.

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Extracellular Matrix

The non-living material surrounding cells in cartilage, providing structural support and flexibility.

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Type II Collagen

A type of collagen fiber found in cartilage, responsible for its tensile strength.

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Proteoglycans

Large molecules in the extracellular matrix of cartilage, giving it its gel-like consistency and ability to absorb water.

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Appositional Growth

Growth of cartilage by adding new cells and matrix from the perichondrium.

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Axial Isogenic Groups

Groups of cells aligned in a specific direction that reflect the pattern of stress on the cartilage.

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Interstitial growth

Cartilage growth from within, where chondrocytes divide and form isogenic groups.

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Isogenic groups

Groups of chondrocytes formed through cell division during interstitial growth.

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Chondronectin

A type of glycoprotein found in cartilage that helps chondrocytes attach to the extracellular matrix.

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Chondrogenic layer

The layer of the perichondrium in contact with the cartilage, containing chondroblasts.

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Fibrous layer

The outer layer of the perichondrium, containing chondrogenic cells.

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Avascular

Cartilage does not have blood vessels and receives nutrients through diffusion from surrounding tissues.

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Study Notes

Cartilage Tissue Overview

  • Specialized connective tissue with a firm matrix
  • Provides support, cushioning, and absorbs forces
  • Avascular, relies on diffusion for nutrients
  • Contains collagen fibers and ground substances
  • Crucial for structural support and friction reduction (e.g., joints)

Cartilage Components

  • Cells:
    • Chondroblasts: immature, actively produce matrix
    • Chondrocytes: mature, reside in lacunae, maintain matrix
  • Extracellular Matrix:
    • Primarily Type II collagen
    • Proteoglycans (e.g., aggrecan) provide consistency
    • Glycoproteins (e.g., chondronectin) aid cell adhesion

Cartilage Growth

  • Interstitial growth:
    • Chondrocytes divide, creating isogenic groups
    • Matrix is added within the cartilage
  • Appositional growth:
    • Matrix added from perichondrium
    • Chondrocytes divide and differentiate from the perichondrium

Types of Cartilage

  • Hyaline Cartilage:
    • Most common type
    • Found in nose, trachea, joints, etc.
    • Contains Type II collagen (40% of weight)
    • Matrix is basophilic (metachromatic)
  • Elastic Cartilage:
    • Found in areas requiring elasticity (e.g., ear)
    • Rich in elastic fibers for flexibility
    • Contains Type II collagen
  • Fibrous Cartilage (Fibrocartilage):
    • Found in areas with high stress (e.g., intervertebral discs)
    • High tensile strength and resistance to compression
    • Contains Type I and Type II collagen
    • Eosinophilic matrix (stains pink)
    • Lacks perichondrium

Perichondrium

  • Dense irregular connective tissue
  • Surrounds most cartilage types (except fibrous)
  • Contains chondroblasts, aiding in growth
  • Two zones:
    • Closer to cartilage: contains chondroblasts
    • Further from cartilage: contains chondrogenic cells

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Cartilage Tissue PDF

Description

Explore the essential aspects of cartilage tissue, including its components, growth mechanisms, and types. This quiz covers crucial functions such as support, cushioning, and the unique characteristics of chondrocytes and the extracellular matrix. Test your understanding of cartilage and its significance in the human body.

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