Cartilage Tissue PDF

Hyaline cartilage = most common type. Found in areas like the nose, larynx, trachea, articular surfaces of joints, and the epiphyseal disc of growing bones Type II collagen (40% of cartilage weight)...

Hyaline cartilage = most common type. Found in areas like the nose, larynx, trachea, articular surfaces of joints, and the epiphyseal disc of growing bones Type II collagen (40% of cartilage weight) **Components**: 4.1 Hyaline Cartilage Basophilic (metachromatic) matrix occurs by interstitial growth through the **Growth**: formation of isogenic groups matrix is mainly composed of collagen fibers found in structures that require elasticity, such specialized form of Connective tissue with a and ground substances like proteoglycans as the external ear (pinna) solid matrix Unlike other connective tissue: NO blood vessels Type II collagen **Components**: 4.2 Elastic Cartilage 4. Types of Cartilage 1. Overview Resistance to mechanical stress It provides a cushion and absorbs mechanical Very rich in Elastic fibers (for flexibility) forces in areas like joints **Function**: Elasticity and resilience It gives structural support to various body parts, **Functions**: Support such as the nose and respiratory tract found in areas subject to high mechanical stress, such as the intervertebral discs, menisci of the Articular cartilage reduces friction and Friction reduction in joints knee, and Achilles tendon insertion facilitates smooth movement between bones Type I and Type II collagen **Components**: 4.3 Fibrous Cartilage (Fibrocartilage) These are precursor cells that differentiate into Eosinophilic matrix (stains pink) Chondrogenic cells chondroblasts No perichondrium Cartilage Tissue Immature cartilage cells that actively produce **Cells**: Chondroblasts extracellular matrix. They eventually become Axial isogenic groups The cells form linear chondrocytes. **Characteristics**: groups that reflect the direction of stress Mature cartilage cells, residing in lacunae (small High tensile strength and resistance to Chondrocytes spaces within the matrix), which maintain the compressive forces matrix Collagen fibers mainly Type II New cells and matrix are added from the Proteoglycans (e.g., aggrecan) give more **Appositional growth**: **Extracellular Matrix**: perichondrium consistency to the matrix 3. Growth of Cartilage 2. Components of Cartilage This occurs within the cartilage as chondrocytes divide, Glycoproteins (e.g., chondronectin) helps in the forming groups called isogenic groups. These can be **Interstitial growth**: adhesion of chondrocytes to the matrix arranged coronally (is shape=crown) or axially **Avascular**: Relies on diffusion for nutrients Always dense irregular tissue surrounds most types of cartilage, except fibrous cartilage Contains chondroblasts (plays a role in cartilage growth) **Perichondrium**: perichondrium not in joints has two distinct zones: (in contact with the cartilage) contains chondroblasts (further from the cartilage): contains chondrogenic cells, which are undifferentiated precursor cells. These cells can differentiate into chondroblasts when needed for cartilage growth.