Cartilage Overview for Anatomy

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What is the main reason for the importance of the ECM composition in cartilage?

It allows for the growth of blood vessels
It enhances the mechanical properties of the tissue
It provides structural support to the tissue
It facilitates diffusion of substances for chondrocyte survival (correct)

What is the approximate percentage of Type II collagen in cartilage by volume?

99%
95% (correct)
50%
70%

What is a characteristic of elastic cartilage that distinguishes it from hyaline cartilage?

Solid and firm ECM
Abundant type I collagen fibers
Presence of proteoglycans
Elastic fibers and elastic lamellae (correct)

What is the term for the substances that facilitate diffusion in the ECM of cartilage?

Glycosaminoglycans (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of cartilage that is characterized by abundant type I collagen fibers?

Fibrocartilage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Greek word that is related to the name of hyaline cartilage?

Hyalos (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of bone matrix?

Type I collagen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

To secrete the ECM of bone (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of canaliculi in bone tissue?

To connect adjacent lacunae and allow contact between osteocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of bone matrix proteins are made up of collagen molecules?

90% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoprogenitor cells in bone tissue?

To give rise to osteoblasts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bone-lining cells in bone tissue?

To remain on the bone surface when there is no active growth (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

To prevent backflow of blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the space enclosed between the sternum, vertebral column, diaphragm, and lungs?

Middle mediastinum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the right side of the heart?

To pump blood through the pulmonary circulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pericardium?

To surround the heart with a tough, fibrous sac (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the circulation that conveys blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary circulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many chambers does the heart contain?

4 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the surfaces of the bones that come into contact with each other?

Articular surfaces (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of bones?

Hyaline cartilage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the canaliculi in bone tissue?

To provide a pathway for substances between osteocytes and blood vessels (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the layer of connective tissue cells that line the bone cavities?

Endosteum (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the bone tissue initially formed in the skeleton of a developing fetus?

It does not display an organized lamellated appearance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the blood supply to bone tissue?

Centrifugal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the right atrium?

Receiving blood returning from the body (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Dense irregular CT (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the conducting system in the heart?

Initiation and propagation of rhythmic depolarizations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the heart wall composed of?

Epicardium (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the coronary vasculature?

Supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle itself (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the left ventricle in the heart?

Pumping blood to the aorta for distribution to the body (D) Signup and view all the answers