Anatomy of Cartilage
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cell is responsible for secreting type II collagen and other matrix components?

  • Osteoblast
  • Fibroblast
  • Chondrocyte
  • Chondroblast (correct)
  • What is the main function of cartilage in the human body?

  • To produce blood cells
  • To regulate body temperature
  • To provide structure and support to soft tissues (correct)
  • To protect bones from friction
  • What is the primary component of the matrix in cartilage?

  • Collagen fibers (correct)
  • Elastin fibers
  • Glycoproteins
  • Proteoglycans
  • What is the name of the space where mature cartilage cells reside?

    <p>Lacuna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of perichondrium in cartilage?

    <p>To provide nutrients to cartilage cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>To provide supportive functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collagen is found in elastic cartilage?

    <p>Collagen type I and II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the ground substance in fibrocartilage?

    <p>It is acidophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage growth involves chondrocytes dividing and secreting matrix from within lacunae?

    <p>Interstitial growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cartilage cells in elastic cartilage?

    <p>They are larger and more numerous, closely packed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cartilage Overview

    • Modified connective tissue that is nonvascular, nutrients diffuse from the perichondrium through the matrix.
    • The perichondrium is a layer rich in blood vessels.

    Functions of Cartilage

    • Provides support to soft tissues.
    • Acts as a shock absorber due to its resilience.
    • Smooth surface facilitates sliding, beneficial for joint movement.
    • Essential for bone growth and development.

    Types of Cartilage Cells

    • Chondroblast:

      • Young cartilage cells located beneath the perichondrium.
      • Progenitor of chondrocytes, secretes type II collagen and other matrix components.
    • Chondrocyte:

      • Mature cartilage cells that can exist individually or in isogenous groups.
      • Reside in spaces called lacunae.

    Cartilage Matrix Composition

    • Provides rigidity, elasticity, and resilience.
    • Fibers: Composed of collagen and elastic fibers.
    • Ground Substance: Contains glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfates and keratan sulfate) and water; appears basophilic (stains blue).

    Types of Cartilage and Locations

    • Hyaline Cartilage:

      • Locations: Tracheal rings, nasal septum, larynx, costal cartilage, and articular surfaces of joints.
      • Features: Cartilage cells present singly or in groups within lacunae, primarily contains collagen type II, basophilic ground substance.
      • Functions: Supportive and contributes to the structure of various tissues.
    • Elastic Cartilage:

      • Locations: Auricle, external auditory meatus, auditory tube, epiglottis, and apices of arytenoid cartilage.
      • Features: Cells are larger, closely packed with no groups, rich in elastic fibers and collagen type II.
      • Functions: Supportive with enhanced flexibility.
    • Fibrocartilage:

      • Locations: Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and articular disc of the temporomandibular (TM) joint.
      • Lacks perichondrium.
      • Features: Fewer, smaller cells, arranged singly or in rows, contains collagen type I and II, and has acidophilic ground substance.
      • Functions: Provides support with significant tensile strength.

    Cartilage Growth Mechanisms

    • Appositional Growth:

      • Increases WIDTH by chondroblasts depositing matrix on the surface of existing cartilage.
    • Interstitial Growth:

      • Increases LENGTH via chondrocyte division and matrix secretion from within the lacunae.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the structure, functions, and types of cartilage, a modified connective tissue. It also discusses the perichondrium, blood vessels, and the role of cartilage in supporting soft tissues and providing shock absorption.

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