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Questions and Answers
What is the main type of collagen found in hyaline cartilage?
What is the main type of collagen found in hyaline cartilage?
- Type IV collagen
- Type III collagen
- Type II collagen (correct)
- Type I collagen
Which of the following is NOT a location where hyaline cartilage can be found?
Which of the following is NOT a location where hyaline cartilage can be found?
- Articular surfaces of movable joints
- Larynx walls
- Ventral ends of ribs
- Metacarpal bones (correct)
What percentage of dry weight in hyaline cartilage is made up of collagen?
What percentage of dry weight in hyaline cartilage is made up of collagen?
- 10%
- 20%
- 60%
- 40% (correct)
Which characteristic is true of hyaline cartilage when in fresh state?
Which characteristic is true of hyaline cartilage when in fresh state?
What is the main component that makes the matrix of hyaline cartilage basophilic?
What is the main component that makes the matrix of hyaline cartilage basophilic?
What is the primary function of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM)?
What is the primary function of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM)?
Which component is essential for the mechanical integrity of cartilage ECM?
Which component is essential for the mechanical integrity of cartilage ECM?
What role does the perichondrium play in relation to cartilage?
What role does the perichondrium play in relation to cartilage?
What distinguishes articular cartilage from other types of cartilage?
What distinguishes articular cartilage from other types of cartilage?
Which type of cartilage is characterized by a presence of elastic fibers?
Which type of cartilage is characterized by a presence of elastic fibers?
Which of the following is NOT a common location for cartilage?
Which of the following is NOT a common location for cartilage?
How does cartilage primarily respond to mechanical stress?
How does cartilage primarily respond to mechanical stress?
What happens to articular cartilage during arthritic degeneration?
What happens to articular cartilage during arthritic degeneration?
What is the primary reason chondrocytes in cartilage receive nutrients?
What is the primary reason chondrocytes in cartilage receive nutrients?
Which component is responsible for the semi-rigid consistency of cartilage?
Which component is responsible for the semi-rigid consistency of cartilage?
What role does cartilage play due to its high water content?
What role does cartilage play due to its high water content?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilage?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilage?
How do the physical properties of cartilage primarily depend on its structure?
How do the physical properties of cartilage primarily depend on its structure?
In which part of the human body is cartilage predominantly located?
In which part of the human body is cartilage predominantly located?
What distinguishes Type II collagen from Type I collagen in the context of cartilage?
What distinguishes Type II collagen from Type I collagen in the context of cartilage?
Which statement about chondrocytes is accurate?
Which statement about chondrocytes is accurate?
What characterizes the repair process of damaged cartilage in adults?
What characterizes the repair process of damaged cartilage in adults?
Which type of cartilage is primarily found in the auricle of the ear?
Which type of cartilage is primarily found in the auricle of the ear?
What is the precursor for all types of cartilage?
What is the precursor for all types of cartilage?
What best describes the structure of fibrocartilage?
What best describes the structure of fibrocartilage?
Which statement is true regarding the properties of cartilage?
Which statement is true regarding the properties of cartilage?
What distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?
What distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?
Where can fibrocartilage typically be found?
Where can fibrocartilage typically be found?
What role does mitosis play in cartilage formation?
What role does mitosis play in cartilage formation?
What contributes to the acidophilic nature of fibrocartilage compared to hyaline cartilage?
What contributes to the acidophilic nature of fibrocartilage compared to hyaline cartilage?
In cartilage formation, what is the first indication of cell differentiation from mesenchymal cells?
In cartilage formation, what is the first indication of cell differentiation from mesenchymal cells?
Which characteristic distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?
Which characteristic distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?
How does the arrangement of cells in fibrocartilage differ from that in hyaline cartilage?
How does the arrangement of cells in fibrocartilage differ from that in hyaline cartilage?
What type of matrix do chondroblasts produce during embryonic cartilage development?
What type of matrix do chondroblasts produce during embryonic cartilage development?
In terms of cellular characteristics, how do the central cells of elastic cartilage compare to those in hyaline cartilage?
In terms of cellular characteristics, how do the central cells of elastic cartilage compare to those in hyaline cartilage?
Which statement accurately reflects the role of ECM in cartilage?
Which statement accurately reflects the role of ECM in cartilage?
What is the role of the perichondrium in cartilage development?
What is the role of the perichondrium in cartilage development?
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Study Notes
Properties and Characteristics of Cartilage
- Cartilage is avascular, lacking blood supply, with chondrocytes obtaining nutrients through diffusion from the perichondrium.
- Chondrocytes have low metabolic activity and there are no nerve endings present in cartilage.
- The semi-rigid consistency of cartilage is due to negatively charged hyaluronan and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains within a dense meshwork of Type II collagen fibrils.
- High water content allows cartilage to function as a shock absorber, relying on electrostatic bonds for its physical properties.
Cartilage Structure and Functions
- Cartilage is commonly found in the respiratory tract, ears, nose, and joints, providing cushioning and support.
- The perichondrium, a dense connective tissue sheath, surrounds most cartilage; it houses blood supply and forms an interface between cartilage and nearby tissues.
- Articular cartilage covers bone ends in movable joints and lacks perichondrium, getting nutrients and oxygen from synovial fluid, making it vulnerable to arthritic degeneration.
Types of Cartilage
- Hyaline Cartilage: Most prevalent type; translucent and homogeneous, found in articular surfaces of joints, respiratory passages, and growth plates in long bones.
- Elastic Cartilage: Similar to hyaline but with a dense network of elastic fibers, providing more flexibility; located in the auricle of the ear and epiglottis.
- Fibrocartilage: A blend of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue, found in intervertebral discs and ligament attachments, provides tensile strength.
Hyaline Cartilage Specifics
- Matrix is composed of nearly 40% collagen, primarily Type II, in a firm, hydrated gel of proteoglycans and glycoproteins.
- During embryonic development, hyaline cartilage serves as the temporary skeleton, later replaced by bone.
Chondrogenesis (Cartilage Formation)
- Cartilage develops from embryonic mesenchyme through chondrogenesis, starting with mesenchymal cells rounding up and proliferating.
- Chondroblasts exhibit basophilic cytoplasm, rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum for collagen synthesis, and eventually become encased in lacunae as they produce extracellular matrix.
- In adults, damaged cartilage is repaired slowly, primarily by perichondrial cells which can form scar tissue instead of new cartilage in severe cases.
Repair and Regeneration
- Cartilage has limited capacity for repair due to its avascularity and low metabolic rate; slow regeneration may result in dense connective tissue forming instead of cartilage.
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