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Questions and Answers
What is the primary type of collagen found in hyaline cartilage?
What is the primary type of collagen found in hyaline cartilage?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ground substance in hyaline cartilage?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the ground substance in hyaline cartilage?
What is the primary function of chondrocytes?
What is the primary function of chondrocytes?
What is the approximate percentage of tissue fluid in hyaline cartilage?
What is the approximate percentage of tissue fluid in hyaline cartilage?
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What is the primary function of the perichondrium in hyaline cartilage?
What is the primary function of the perichondrium in hyaline cartilage?
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Which of the following is a type of glycosaminoglycan found in hyaline cartilage?
Which of the following is a type of glycosaminoglycan found in hyaline cartilage?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the composition of hyaline cartilage?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the composition of hyaline cartilage?
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What is the name of the specialized cells responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilage matrix?
What is the name of the specialized cells responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilage matrix?
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Where is the perichondrium absent in hyaline cartilage?
Where is the perichondrium absent in hyaline cartilage?
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What type of growth does the perichondrium facilitate in cartilage?
What type of growth does the perichondrium facilitate in cartilage?
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What is the role of chondrogenic cells in cartilage development?
What is the role of chondrogenic cells in cartilage development?
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What is the primary component of hyaline cartilage matrix?
What is the primary component of hyaline cartilage matrix?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the perichondrium?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the perichondrium?
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What is the fate of flat cells in the inner chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium?
What is the fate of flat cells in the inner chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium?
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Which structure is characteristic of chondroblasts?
Which structure is characteristic of chondroblasts?
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What happens to chondroblasts once they are surrounded by the matrix?
What happens to chondroblasts once they are surrounded by the matrix?
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Where are chondrocytes located?
Where are chondrocytes located?
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What is the characteristic appearance of the matrix in which collagen II is found?
What is the characteristic appearance of the matrix in which collagen II is found?
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What is the main role of the aggrecan molecule in cartilage?
What is the main role of the aggrecan molecule in cartilage?
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Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of elastic fibers?
Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of elastic fibers?
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Where can you find white fibrocartilage within the body?
Where can you find white fibrocartilage within the body?
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What is the primary structural feature of white fibrocartilage?
What is the primary structural feature of white fibrocartilage?
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What distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?
What distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?
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Which site is NOT associated with elastic cartilage?
Which site is NOT associated with elastic cartilage?
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What is the staining property of the matrix in cartilage containing collagen II?
What is the staining property of the matrix in cartilage containing collagen II?
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Which type of cartilage does not have a perichondrium?
Which type of cartilage does not have a perichondrium?
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How does articular cartilage receive its nutrients?
How does articular cartilage receive its nutrients?
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What type of growth occurs when new layers are added to the outer surface of cartilage?
What type of growth occurs when new layers are added to the outer surface of cartilage?
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What is the primary structural component found in fibrocartilage that contributes to its tensile strength?
What is the primary structural component found in fibrocartilage that contributes to its tensile strength?
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What distinguishes interstitial growth from appositional growth in cartilage?
What distinguishes interstitial growth from appositional growth in cartilage?
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What percentage of water is typically found in cartilage, aiding its nutrient diffusion?
What percentage of water is typically found in cartilage, aiding its nutrient diffusion?
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Which type of cartilage is specifically noted for lacking a perichondrium?
Which type of cartilage is specifically noted for lacking a perichondrium?
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How does nutrition occur in white fibrocartilage?
How does nutrition occur in white fibrocartilage?
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Why does articular cartilage have poor nutrition compared to other types of hyaline cartilage?
Why does articular cartilage have poor nutrition compared to other types of hyaline cartilage?
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What is a consequence of articular cartilage's inability to regenerate?
What is a consequence of articular cartilage's inability to regenerate?
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Which type of cartilage is known to have perichondrium absent?
Which type of cartilage is known to have perichondrium absent?
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Which of the following is NOT a location where fibrocartilage is found?
Which of the following is NOT a location where fibrocartilage is found?
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How are the chondrocytes in elastic cartilage arranged?
How are the chondrocytes in elastic cartilage arranged?
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What is the primary type of collagen in the matrix of hyaline cartilage?
What is the primary type of collagen in the matrix of hyaline cartilage?
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Which of the following statements about articular cartilage is true?
Which of the following statements about articular cartilage is true?
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What makes fibrocartilage distinct in its matrix composition?
What makes fibrocartilage distinct in its matrix composition?
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Study Notes
Cartilage Overview
- Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue (C.T.)
- It originates from mesenchymal cells.
- It is firm, flexible, and can withstand weight.
- It's avascular (no blood vessels)
Cartilage Locations
- External ear
- Intervertebral discs
- Nose
- Cartilages of a joint (e.g., articular cartilage)
- Costal cartilage
- Meniscus (pad-like cartilage in knee)
- Pubic symphysis
- Other locations in the respiratory system
Cartilage Composition
-
Cells:
- Chondrogenic cells (stem cells)
- Chondroblasts (produce cartilage matrix)
- Chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells found in lacunae)
- Fibers: Collagen (type II fibers most common), and other fiber types depend on the cartilage type
- Matrix: Primarily proteoglycans (e.g., aggrecan) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs e.g., chondroitin sulfate), along with water (70-75%).
- Covered by perichondrium (a connective tissue sheath)
Types of Cartilage
-
Hyaline Cartilage:
- Most common type.
- Found in fetal skeleton (replaced by bone in adults).
- Found in articular surfaces of joints, costal cartilage, respiratory passages.
- Epiphyseal plates of long bones.
-
Elastic Cartilage:
- Contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen.
- Provides flexibility.
- Found in the external ear, eustachian tube, epiglottis, and parts of the larynx.
-
Fibrocartilage:
- Primarily collagen fibers.
- High tensile strength.
- Found in intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, menisci, and areas near tendon insertions.
Hyaline Cartilage Microscopic Structure
- Perichondrium: Outer fibrous layer (dense connective tissue) and inner chondrogenic layer.
- Cartilage cells: Chondrocytes inside lacunae, sometimes in groups.
- Matrix: Dense, highly hydrated matrix with collagen type II. Appears glassy or hyaline when stained
Perichondrium Function
- Nutrient supply for cartilage through diffusion (except in articular cartilage).
- Growth of cartilage.
- Repair/healing of damaged cartilage.
- Protection
Articular Cartilage
- Lacks perichondrium
- Smooth surface essential for joint movement.
- Nourishment from synovial fluid.
- Cannot regenerate effectively.
Cartilage Growth
- Appositional: New chondroblasts differentiate from the inner layer of the perichondrium and add new matrix on the surface.
- Interstitial: Chondrocytes divide, creating new lacunae and secreting new matrix, expanding from within.
Cartilage Nutrition
- Cartilage is avascular, nutrients and O2 diffuse from blood vessels in the perichondrium or synovial fluid.
- White fibrocartilage has blood vessels in between the collagen bundles.
Cartilage Degeneration
- Persistent wear and tear in joints can lead to cartilage degeneration (e.g., osteoarthritis).
Summary of Cartilage Types (Table)
| Cartilage Type | Perichondrium | Location | Special Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hyaline | Present (except articular) | Fetal skeleton, articular surfaces, ribs, respiratory passages | Mostly collagen type II; glassy appearance |
| Elastic | Present | Ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes | Elastic fibers for flexibility |
| Fibrocartilage | Absent | Intervertebral discs, menisci, tendon insertions | High collagen content; high tensile strength |
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Description
Test your knowledge on cartilage, its composition, locations, and various types. This quiz covers the specialized connective tissue that is crucial for joint function and flexibility. Discover how cartilage is composed and where it can be found in the body.
