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Questions and Answers
Which type of cartilage is characterized by a smooth and solid matrix and is particularly found in fetuses and infants?
Where is fibrous cartilage commonly located?
What distinguishes elastic cartilage from other types of cartilage?
What type of cartilage is noted for its dense structure and is found in the pubic symphysis?
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Which of the following locations is associated exclusively with hyaline cartilage?
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What is the primary role of cartilage in an embryo or fetus?
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Which type of cartilage is fundamental in providing flexibility at joint surfaces?
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What are the mature cells in cartilage that maintain its matrix called?
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What is the perichondrium?
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What constitutes approximately 40% of the dry weight of cartilage?
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Which type of cartilage is known for its ability to withstand tension and pressure?
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Which of the following components is NOT found in the matrix of cartilage?
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What type of cartilage develops as the precursor to all other types before modifying?
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Study Notes
Cartilage Composition & Development
- Cartilage is a firm, avascular (lacking blood vessels), non-calcified connective tissue.
- It forms the temporary skeleton in embryos and fetuses.
- Cartilage serves as a template for bone development.
- It is found on articular surfaces of freely moving joints, allowing for flexibility.
- Cartilage depends on its surrounding connective tissue, called the perichondrium, for nutrition.
- The perichondrium is a fibrous connective tissue sheath.
Cartilage Structure
- Cartilage is composed of cells and a matrix.
- The matrix consists of fibers (collagen), intracellular substances, and ground substance.
- Cells include chondroblasts (immature cells that produce cartilage matrix) and chondrocytes (mature chondroblasts that maintain the matrix).
- The ground substance of the matrix is a highly hydrated gel made up of proteoglycans, chondronectin, and water.
- The type and number of fibers in the matrix vary depending on the type of cartilage.
- Fibers contribute to the strength of cartilage and make up 40% of its dry weight.
Types of Cartilage
- There are three main types of cartilage: hyaline, fibrous, and elastic.
- All cartilage begins as hyaline cartilage but modifies according to its function.
Hyaline Cartilage
- The most common type of cartilage, particularly in fetuses and infants.
- Consists of small groups of chondrocytes in a smooth and solid matrix.
- Appears as a smooth, bluish-white, glassy tissue.
- Not easily repaired after injury.
Locations of Hyaline Cartilage
- Articulating surfaces of bones
- Costal cartilages (connecting ribs to the sternum)
- Cartilages of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
Fibrous Cartilage
- Dense, tough, and slightly flexible tissue.
- Chondrocytes are separated by thick bundles of collagen fibers.
- Collagen fibers are arranged in tight, parallel bundles.
Locations of Fibrous Cartilage
- Intervertebral discs
- Knee and jaw joints
- Rim of bony sockets in hip and shoulder joints
- Pubic symphysis
Elastic Cartilage
- Contains elastic fibers in the intracellular matrix.
- The least common type of cartilage tissue.
Locations of Elastic Cartilage
- Pinna of the ear
- Epiglottis
- Tunica media of blood vessel walls
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