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Questions and Answers
What is essential for a person to grow according to Carl Rogers?
What is essential for a person to grow according to Carl Rogers?
According to Rogers, which of the following best describes self-actualization?
According to Rogers, which of the following best describes self-actualization?
What does congruence refer to in Carl Rogers' theory?
What does congruence refer to in Carl Rogers' theory?
What primarily characterizes an individualistic self in Western cultures?
What primarily characterizes an individualistic self in Western cultures?
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Which aspect is NOT a characteristic of the real self?
Which aspect is NOT a characteristic of the real self?
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What outcome is achieved when there is congruence according to Rogers?
What outcome is achieved when there is congruence according to Rogers?
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What is a key difference between individualistic and collectivist views?
What is a key difference between individualistic and collectivist views?
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What role does self-disclosure play in personal growth?
What role does self-disclosure play in personal growth?
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What does the individualist self primarily emphasize?
What does the individualist self primarily emphasize?
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In collectivist cultures, what is the primary expectation of individuals?
In collectivist cultures, what is the primary expectation of individuals?
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What is a characteristic of the collectivist self-concept?
What is a characteristic of the collectivist self-concept?
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Which aspect is not emphasized in individualist cultures?
Which aspect is not emphasized in individualist cultures?
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What does the term 'body image' refer to?
What does the term 'body image' refer to?
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How do individualist self-concepts view independence?
How do individualist self-concepts view independence?
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What is the focus of self-expression in Western cultures?
What is the focus of self-expression in Western cultures?
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What underlies the collectivist preference for social groups?
What underlies the collectivist preference for social groups?
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What psychological condition is characterized by obsessive thoughts about perceived imperfections in one's appearance?
What psychological condition is characterized by obsessive thoughts about perceived imperfections in one's appearance?
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What can social comparison based on unrealistic beauty standards lead to?
What can social comparison based on unrealistic beauty standards lead to?
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The Diderot Effect describes how one purchase can lead to what behavior?
The Diderot Effect describes how one purchase can lead to what behavior?
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What is a common consequence of body dissatisfaction according to the content?
What is a common consequence of body dissatisfaction according to the content?
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How do material possessions serve individuals in society?
How do material possessions serve individuals in society?
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What is a potential outcome of engaging in eating disorders?
What is a potential outcome of engaging in eating disorders?
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What does avoidance behavior often involve?
What does avoidance behavior often involve?
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Which of the following best describes the economic self?
Which of the following best describes the economic self?
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What are basic survival needs essential for human life?
What are basic survival needs essential for human life?
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How can the spiritual self be characterized?
How can the spiritual self be characterized?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor in personal growth and well-being?
Which of the following is NOT a factor in personal growth and well-being?
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What role does religion play in the lives of its followers?
What role does religion play in the lives of its followers?
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In Hinduism, what does the concept of Atman represent?
In Hinduism, what does the concept of Atman represent?
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What is the significance of karma in the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism?
What is the significance of karma in the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism?
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Which aspect is emphasized in the pursuit of spiritual growth?
Which aspect is emphasized in the pursuit of spiritual growth?
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What are the main reasons for consumption beyond basic survival?
What are the main reasons for consumption beyond basic survival?
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What is the central concept of self-realization in spiritual growth?
What is the central concept of self-realization in spiritual growth?
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Which concept emphasizes that personal identity is defined by one's relationship with God in Christianity?
Which concept emphasizes that personal identity is defined by one's relationship with God in Christianity?
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What is the belief regarding the nature of the self in Buddhism?
What is the belief regarding the nature of the self in Buddhism?
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Which practice in Buddhism aims to achieve liberation from suffering?
Which practice in Buddhism aims to achieve liberation from suffering?
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What is the ultimate goal of the self (nafs) in Islam?
What is the ultimate goal of the self (nafs) in Islam?
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What do early Ilokano beliefs suggest about the nature of the soul?
What do early Ilokano beliefs suggest about the nature of the soul?
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How many souls do early Ilokano beliefs identify as animating the body?
How many souls do early Ilokano beliefs identify as animating the body?
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Which soul, according to early Ilokano beliefs, is vital and leaves the body only after death?
Which soul, according to early Ilokano beliefs, is vital and leaves the body only after death?
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Study Notes
Carl Rogers' Humanistic Psychology
- Individuals need an environment that fosters openness and self-disclosure to grow.
- The fundamental human motivation is self-actualization, striving to reach one's full potential and achieve personal fulfillment.
- Congruence, or balance, is essential. There must be harmony between the real self (who we are) and the ideal self (who we aspire to be).
- The real self encompasses our actual traits, behaviors, beliefs, and experiences. It is shaped by our upbringing, environment, and life events.
- The ideal self represents the version of ourselves we aspire to be, encompassing qualities, traits, and achievements we strive towards.
Individualist vs. Collectivist Self
- Individualist cultures emphasize personal goals, achievements, and autonomy, found commonly in Western societies.
- Collectivist cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group over personal desires, found in Eastern cultures.
- Individualistic cultures prioritize individual rights, freedoms, and self-expression.
- Collectivist cultures prioritize group cohesion, social harmony, and interdependence.
- Individualistic self-concepts foster independence and autonomy.
- Collectivist self-concepts foster interdependence, cooperation, and mutual support.
- In Western cultures, individuals are encouraged to express opinions and pursue personal goals.
- In Eastern cultures, individuals prioritize social obligations and responsibilities to maintain group harmony.
The Physical Self and Body Image
- The physical self refers to our body, including appearance and sensory experiences.
- Body image encompasses how we perceive, think, and feel about our physical appearance.
- Negative body image can lead to dissatisfaction, negative thoughts, and emotional distress.
- Social comparison can lead to feelings of inadequacy or pressure to conform to idealized body standards.
- Eating disorders involve extreme behaviors related to food intake and weight control, often stemming from distorted body image perceptions.
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) involves obsessive thoughts about perceived flaws or defects in one's appearance.
- Avoidance behaviors involve avoiding situations, activities, or clothing that may highlight perceived flaws or trigger negative thoughts.
The Economic and Material Self
- Represents the extension of the physical self, viewing possessions as external representations of our identity.
- Material possessions reflect tastes, preferences, and lifestyle choices, acting as tangible representations of our identity and personality.
- They can serve as social signifiers of status, wealth, and success.
- The Diderot Effect describes how acquiring one new item can trigger a cycle of buying more related items to maintain a sense of balance and identity.
- Needs are essential for survival, including basic necessities like food, water, shelter, healthcare, and functional items.
- Wants are not essential for survival, but they contribute to satisfaction, well-being, and fulfilling reasons like pleasure, convenience, or social status.
The Spiritual Self: The Inner Soul
- The spiritual self represents our inner essence or soul, transcending the physical body and material world.
- It prioritizes self-love, love for others, and love for the world.
- Transcendence involves connecting to something beyond the ordinary range of human experience.
- Spiritual practices focus on personal growth and well-being, enhancing self-awareness, developing talents, and improving life quality.
- Individuals may seek meaning and purpose in life by exploring existential questions about existence, suffering, and transcendence.
- Values and beliefs shape our ethical behaviors, moral decisions, and spiritual growth.
- Religions offer a set of beliefs, practices, and rituals followed by a group of people.
- They typically involve faith in a higher power, moral teachings about the afterlife, the purpose of life, structured organizations for worship and community engagement.
Spirituality in Various Religions
- Hinduism: Emphasizes the eternal Atman (self), which is identical to the ultimate reality, Brahman. Reincarnation (samsara) involves experiencing the consequences of actions (karma) and seeking liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death.
- Buddhism: Views the self as impermanent and devoid of inherent existence. The concept of Anatta (non-self) highlights the ever-changing aggregates (skandhas) that compose the self.
- Christianity: The self is created in the image of God, possessing inherent dignity and worth.
- Islam: The self (nafs) is created by Allah and endowed with free will and moral responsibility. The goal is submission to Allah's will (Islam) and spiritual purity (tazkiyah).
- Filipino Beliefs: Early Ilokano beliefs state that there are four souls animating the body. The kararwa (main soul) is vital and remains after death. The karkarma (second soul) can leave when frightened and symbolizes natural vigor and reason. The aniwaas (third soul) leaves during sleep. The ar-aria (fourth soul) is the liberated soul of the dead.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of Carl Rogers' humanistic psychology, focusing on self-actualization, congruence, and the real versus ideal self. Understand the distinction between individualist and collectivist perspectives and how these cultural orientations shape personal development. This quiz delves into the essential elements that foster personal growth and fulfillment.
