60 Questions
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
To transport blood, supplying the body with oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other substances and removes wastes
How often does the adult heart pump approximately?
100,000 times a day
What is the term for the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat?
Stroke volume
What is the name of the system that controls the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat?
Cardiac Conduction System
What is the term for the simultaneous contraction of both atria?
Atrial contraction
What is the term for the pressure changes that occur as blood moves through the system?
Pressure gradient
What is the term for the relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle?
Diastole
What is the term for the cardiac output calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate?
Cardiac output
What is the term for the valves that allow blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricles?
Atrio-ventricular valves
How much blood is pumped out of the heart with each beat, on average?
50-100 mL
What is the function of the Sinoatrial Node (SN)?
To act as the pacemaker, generating the heartbeat
What happens during the depolarisation phase of the heartbeat?
Both the atria and ventricles contract
What is the function of the Atrioventricular (AV) node?
To transmit the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles
What is the function of the Bundle of His?
To transmit the electrical signal from the AV node to the ventricles
What is the function of the Purkinje fibres?
To transmit the electrical signal from the Bundle of His to the ventricles
What is the function of the Superior vena cava?
To return blood from the superior part of the body to the right atrium
What is the function of the Left pulmonary veins?
To carry oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium
What is the function of the Atrioventricular valves?
To ensure one-way flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles
What is the function of the Chordae tendineae?
To connect the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles
What is the function of the Capillaries?
To exchange gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and body cells
What is the primary function of the epithelial tissue in blood vessels?
To release substances important for blood vessel diameter, blood clotting, and immune function
What is the sequence of blood flow through the cardiovascular system?
Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
What is the purpose of valves in many veins?
To prevent backflow of blood
What is the term for the abnormal heart rhythms?
Arhythmia
What is the primary function of the connective tissue in blood vessels?
To provide structural support and shape to the vessel
What is the term for the blockage of the blood supply to the heart?
Heart attack
What is the purpose of the electrocardiogram (ECG)?
To check the heart's electrical activity and rhythm
What is the term for the wave created by the spread of ventricular repolarisation?
T wave
What is the term for the blood vessels that receive blood from capillaries and deliver it to veins?
Venules
What is the term for the fatty plaques that can block the blood supply to the heart?
Atherosclerotic plaques
What is the primary function of the action potentials in the Purkinje fibres?
To cause the rapid spread of action potentials throughout the ventricles
Which blood vessels are responsible for delivering blood to capillaries?
Arterioles
What is the purpose of the septum in the heart?
To separate the left and right side of the heart
What occurs during the diastole phase of the heartbeat?
The pacemaker potentials in the Sinoatrial Node undergo spontaneous slow depolarisation
What is the primary function of the semilunar valves?
To control the flow of blood from the ventricles to the aorta and pulmonary trunk
What is the term for the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the heart?
Pulmonary circulation
What is the primary function of the atrioventricular valves?
To control the flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles
What is the term for the blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
What is the primary function of the chordae tendineae?
To connect the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles
What is the term for the pathway of blood flow from the heart to the body and back to the heart?
Systemic circulation
What is the primary function of the atrial contraction during the cardiac cycle?
To force blood into the ventricles
What is the result of the simultaneous contraction of both atria and ventricles during the cardiac cycle?
A repetitive pattern of contraction and relaxation
What is the purpose of the cardiac conduction system in the heart?
To control the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat
What is the average amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat?
50-100mL
What is the term for the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute?
Cardiac output
What is the purpose of the atrio-ventricular valves during the cardiac cycle?
To allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles
What is the result of the heart beating at a rate of 70 beats per minute?
An increase in the cardiac output
What is the function of the heart as a pump during the cardiac cycle?
To propel blood through the system
What is the time duration of the two-part pumping action of the heart?
About 1 second
What is the total amount of blood pumped by the heart daily?
6,000-7,500 litres
What is the primary function of the smooth muscle in blood vessels?
To control the internal diameter of the vessel
What is the purpose of the valves in many veins?
To prevent backflow of blood
What is the correct sequence of blood flow through the cardiovascular system?
Vena cava, Right atrium, Right ventricle, Pulmonary arteries, Lungs, Pulmonary veins, Left atrium, Left ventricle, Aorta, Body
What is the term for the wave created by the spread of atrial depolarisation?
P wave
What is the function of the elastic tissue in blood vessels?
To allow the internal blood vessel diameter to expand when blood is pumped through
What is the term for the clinical condition where the blood supply to the heart is suddenly blocked?
Heart attack
What is the primary function of the epithelial tissue in blood vessels?
To release substances important for control of blood vessel diameter, blood clotting, and immune function
What is the term for the fatty plaques that can block the blood supply to the heart?
Atherosclerosis
What is the correct sequence of electrical signals through the heart?
SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, Ventricles
What is the function of the venules in the cardiovascular system?
To receive blood from capillaries and deliver it to veins
Learn how the heart works as a pump, supplying the body with oxygen, nutrients, and hormones, and removing wastes. Discover fun facts about the heart's daily functions! Take this quiz to test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system.
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