Cardiovascular System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

  • To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs
  • To circulate blood ensuring delivery of oxygen and nutrients (correct)
  • To transport hormones throughout the body
  • To produce metabolic energy

    • Which sequence correctly describes the pathway of blood through the pulmonary circuit?

  • Right ventricle – pulmonary arteries – lungs – pulmonary veins – left atrium (correct)
  • Left ventricle – systemic arteries – body cells – right atrium
  • Left atrium – pulmonary arteries – lungs – right ventricle
  • Right atrium – pulmonary veins – lungs – left ventricle

    • What distinguishes systolic pressure from diastolic pressure?

  • Systolic pressure occurs when the heart is at rest, whereas diastolic pressure occurs during contraction
  • Systolic pressure is the pressure during heart contraction, while diastolic pressure is during relaxation (correct)
  • Systolic pressure refers to blood flow in veins, and diastolic pressure in arteries
  • Systolic pressure is the total blood volume, and diastolic pressure is the blood pressure in capillaries

    • Why is the maintenance of a pressure gradient important in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>It allows for the efficient exchange of nutrients and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the coronary circulation?

    <p>To directly provide oxygen and nutrients to heart muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart?

    <p>Left and right coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the coronary veins primarily collect from the heart muscle?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the coronary veins drain the deoxygenated blood?

    <p>Into the coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood flow from an area of high pressure to low pressure?

    <p>Both systole and diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the contraction of the heart chambers?

    <p>Systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does one complete heartbeat (cardiac cycle) typically take?

    <p>0.8 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase called when the heart relaxes?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the coronary sinus?

    <p>To drain deoxygenated blood from coronary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the relaxation phase of the ventricles?

    <p>Ventricular diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ventricular systole, which valves close?

    <p>Atrioventricular valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the first phase of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>AV valves are open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the 'dub' sound in a heartbeat?

    <p>Closing of semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the third phase of the cardiac cycle, what is the status of the semilunar valves?

    <p>Closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the atria and ventricles positioned during atrial systole?

    <p>Atria contracted, ventricles relaxed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the atrioventricular valves during ventricular systole?

    <p>They close</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the cardiac cycle's diastolic phase?

    <p>To allow the heart to fill with blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct pathway of blood in the systemic circuit?

    <p>Left ventricle – Aorta – body – vena cava – right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve does deoxygenated blood pass through after the right atrium?

    <p>Tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the oxygenated blood go after leaving the left ventricle?

    <p>To the body via the Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vessels bring deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?

    <p>Superior and inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs simultaneously after both atria contract?

    <p>Both ventricles contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pulmonary trunk?

    <p>To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which part of the heart does oxygenated blood enter after being oxygenated in the lungs?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the right and left pulmonary arteries?

    <p>Pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the sinoatrial node in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>To initiate electrical impulses for heartbeats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do intercalated discs contribute to heart function?

    <p>They allow for communication and ion flow between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Purkinje fibers in the heart's conduction system?

    <p>To provide electrical stimulation for ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cardiac conduction system acts as a relay station between the atria and ventricles?

    <p>Bundle of His</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines myogenic cells in the heart?

    <p>They generate action potentials spontaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of heart cells are autorhythmic cells?

    <p>1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical impulse frequency generated by the sinoatrial node?

    <p>70-80 times per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes the contraction of cardiomyocytes during the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Electrical impulses from the conduction system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular System

    • The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
    • The heart acts as a pump ensuring blood circulates throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells, and removing waste products and CO2.

    Blood Circulations

    • The pulmonary circuit sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide.
      • Blood flow in the pulmonary circuit: Right ventricle – pulmonary arteries- lungs- pulmonary veins – left atrium
    • The systemic circuit sends oxygenated blood and nutrients to all body cells, removing waste products and CO2.
      • Blood flow in the systemic circuit: Left ventricle – Aorta – body – vena cava – right atrium

    The Course of Blood Through the Chambers of the Heart

    • Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the superior and inferior vena cava and empties into the right atrium.
    • Blood passes through the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve into the right ventricle.
    • From the right ventricle, blood is pumped through the pulmonary trunk to the right and left lungs.
    • Oxygenated blood flows through the right and left pulmonary veins from the lungs into the left atrium.
    • Blood passes through the left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle.
    • From the left ventricle, blood is pumped out through the aorta to the body.

    Blood Supply to the Heart - Coronary Circulation

    • The coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients.
      • The two major coronary arteries, the left coronary artery, and the right coronary artery, branch off from the aorta.
    • The coronary veins collect carbon dioxide and waste products from the heart muscle.
      • The main coronary veins, the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein, drain deoxygenated blood into the coronary sinus.
      • The coronary sinus is a wide venous channel that empties into the right atrium.

    How Does the Blood Flow?

    • Blood flows from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure within the cardiovascular system.
    • The heart contracts and relaxes to create changes in pressure.
      • Contraction is called systole and creates high pressure.
      • Relaxation is called diastole and creates low pressure.
    • Blood flows from high to low pressure created by contraction.

    Important Terms

    • Contraction of the heart chambers is called systole.
    • Relaxation of the heart chambers is called diastole.
    • Contraction of the atria is called atrial systole.
    • Relaxation of the atria is called atrial diastole.
    • Contraction of the ventricles is called ventricular systole.
    • Relaxation of the ventricles is called ventricular diastole.

    The Cardiac Cycle Phases

    • Phase 1: Atrial Systole/Ventricular Diastole:*

    • The atria contract, pumping the final volume of blood into the ventricles.

    • The ventricles are relaxed.

    • The atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral) are open.

    • The semilunar valves are closed.

    • Phase 2: Ventricular Systole/Atrial Diastole:*

    • The ventricles contract, closing the atrioventricular valves (lub sound).

    • Semilunar valves open, allowing blood to pass to the arteries.

    • As ventricles start to relax, the semilunar valves close (dub sound).

    • The atria are relaxed and begin to fill with blood returning from veins.

    • Phase 3: Diastole (Very Short Period):*

    • All chambers are relaxed.

    • The semilunar valves are closed.

    • Pressure in the atria causes the atrioventricular valves to open.

    • Blood drains to the ventricles.

    Heart Sounds

    • A heartbeat heard through a stethoscope sounds like "lub-dub".
    • The "lub" sound is created by the closing of the atrioventricular valves.
    • The "dub" sound is created by the closing of the semilunar valves.
    • A murmur is a sound produced by faulty valve cusps that do not close properly.

    The Conduction System of the Heart

    • The heart contains two types of cells:
      • Cardiomyocytes (contractile fibers) make up 99% of the heart tissue.
      • Autorhythmic cells (myogenic cells) make up about 1% of the heart tissue and initiate action potentials.
    • The intrinsic conduction system controls the heart rate by sending electrical impulses throughout the heart.
    • The action potential is initiated by the sinoatrial node (SA node).
    • The electrical impulses travel through the conduction system, which includes:
      • Sinoatrial node (SA node)
      • Atrioventricular node (AV node)
      • Bundle of His (AV bundle)
      • Right and left bundle branches
      • Purkinje fibers

    The Conduction System of the Heart (SA Node):

    • Located in the back wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava.
    • Called the pacemaker of the heart.
    • Initiates impulses 70-80 times per minute without any nerve stimulation from the brain.
    • Establishes the basic rhythm of the heartbeat.
    • Impulses move through the atria, causing the two atria to contract.
    • Impulses simultaneously reach the AV node, initiating the next part of the conduction system.

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    Week 7 LO3 Cardiovascular System Part 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the cardiovascular system, including the structure and functions of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. This quiz covers topics like blood circulation, pulmonary and systemic circuits, and the flow of blood through the heart chambers.

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