Cardiovascular System Quiz

The smallest blood vessels in the body that connect arteries to veins, facilitating the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.

Arterioles are small arteries that branch off from larger arteries and carry blood away from the heart.

The Coronary Sulcus is a groove on the surface of the heart that separates the atria (upper chambers) from the ventricles (lower chambers).

The descending thoracic aorta is the segment of the aorta that runs down the chest (thorax) and branches into smaller arteries that supply blood to the abdominal organs.

The aortic isthmus is a narrow segment of the aorta located between the ascending aorta (which goes up from the heart) and the descending thoracic aorta.

The Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD) is a major branch of the left coronary artery that supplies blood to the front and left side of the heart.

The Apical 4 chamber view is an echocardiographic view that shows all four chambers of the heart from the apex (bottom) of the heart.

When evaluating the wall segments, the wall thickness should be measured and compared to the normal thickness, it should be consistent throughout the segment.

The foramen ovale closes shortly after birth.

The bulbus cordis develops into the right ventricle.

The position where the patient's arm is positioned for obtaining apical views, with the arm extending out to the side and the body lying on the opposite side.

The Left Ventricle (LV) is measured during end diastole, which is the period of relaxation when the heart chamber fills with blood.

The interventricular septum divides the primitive ventricle into the right ventricle and the left ventricle.

The ejection fraction is a measurement of the percentage of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat. It is a good indicator of the heart's pumping ability.

The Chiari network is a normal variant characterized by a thin, lacy meshwork of strands within the right atrium.

The Eustachian valve is a thin, crescent-shaped fold of tissue that is located in the right atrium. It is a remnant of the fetal valve that allows blood to bypass the liver.

The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

The ductus venosus is a fetal blood vessel that shunts blood from the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.

The aortic arch is a curved portion of the aorta that connects the ascending aorta to the descending aorta.

Color flow Doppler converts flow frequencies into different colors. It is a non-invasive method of assessing blood flow.

The septum primum and the septum secundum are two structures that form during fetal development, eventually separating the chambers of the heart into the left and right atria.

The foramen ovale is an opening in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the lungs. It usually closes shortly after birth.

Spectral Doppler is a technique used to create a visual representation of blood flow. Blood flow is displayed as a waveform on a screen.

The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetus, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. It typically closes within a few days after birth.

Parasternal Long Axis (PLAX), Apical 4 Chamber (A4C), Apical 2 Chamber (A2C), Apical 3 Chamber (A3C), and Apical 5 Chamber (A5C).

Septal, Anterior, Inferior, Lateral, and Posterior.

In the Apical 2 chamber image, you should see the SEPTAL and INFERIOR wall segments.

In the Apical 3 chamber image, you should see the SEPTAL, ANTERIOR, and INFERIOR wall segments.

The patient’s arm should be abducted.

The ejection fraction is a percentage of the blood being ejected from the left ventricle during systole.

The patient’s arm should be in the left lateral decubitus position.

The patient's left arm should be abducted 90 degrees and the transducer should move medially

Flow is directed towards the transducer.

Flow is directed away from the transducer.

Blood flows backwards through the mitral valve.

Blood from the left ventricle flows through the aortic valve.

The flow pattern in the aorta resembles a jet stream.

The heart tube folds to the left.

The atrial septum begins to form.

The interventricular septum forms, separating the ventricles.

The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal heart.

The ductus venosus shunts oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver.

The foramen ovale allows oxygenated blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the fetal lungs.

The ductus arteriosus shunts deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs.

The heart develops from a single tube that folds and divides into four chambers.

The interventricular septum divides the primitive ventricle into the left and right ventricles.

The Chiari network is a remnant of the primitive ventricle that is characterized by a network of thin, string-like structures in the left ventricle.

The suprasternal notch view is a good way to image the aortic arch using ultrasound.

The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetal heart.

The heart develops from a single tube that folds and divides into four chambers.

The interventricular septum divides the primitive ventricle into the left and right ventricles.

The foramen ovale is a hole in the fetal heart that allows blood to bypass the lungs. It usually closes shortly after birth.

The bulbus cordis develops into the right ventricle.

The coronary sulcus is the groove on the surface of the heart that separates the atria (upper chambers) from the ventricles (lower chambers).

The interventricular septum divides the primitive ventricle into the right ventricle and the left ventricle.

The Eustachian valve is seen in the right atrium of a fetal heart. It allows blood to bypass the liver.

The umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

The ductus venosus is a fetal blood vessel that shunts blood from the umbilical vein directly to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.

The aortic arch is a curved portion of the aorta that connects the ascending aorta to the descending aorta.

The heart is formed from a single tube that folds and divides into four chambers.

Color flow Doppler is a technique used to visualize blood flow through the heart, with red representing flow towards the transducer and blue representing flow away from the transducer.

Regurgitant flow through the mitral valve occurs when blood flows backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium. This happens when the mitral valve doesn't fully close properly during systole.

In the SAX view of the Aorta, the ascending and descending aorta are seen. This is important for evaluating aortic valve function and identifying any abnormalities.

The smallest blood vessels in the body are capillaries.

In the Apical 2 chamber view, the SEPTAL and INFERIOR wall segments are visible.

When the heart wall has an absence in the wall, it is called an aneurysm.