N715 Exam 3 New Pt 1

The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (relaxation phase) that stretches the cardiac muscle fibers before contraction.

The body's hormonal and nervous system responses to maintain blood pressure and fluid balance.

Hormones that cause vasodilation and decrease sympathetic tone, reducing sodium and fluid retention when blood pressure is too high.

A natriuretic peptide released in response to high blood pressure or volume.

A system that increases blood pressure by constricting vessels and promoting sodium and fluid retention.

The process of partitioning different heart structures (atria, ventricles, aorta and pulmonary trunk) during development.

Structures in the atrioventricular canal that grow and fuse to create separation between the atria and ventricles, as well as atrioventricular valve formation.

A temporary opening between the atria that allows blood to bypass the lungs in the fetus.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood out.

The strength of the heart's contraction.

Blood flow through the heart to the lungs and back.

Blood flow throughout the body.

The heart pumps more effectively with greater filling.

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart.

Pathways for electrical signals in the heart.

Heart cells' ability to generate their electrical impulses independently.

Possible causes of Kawasaki disease, including genetic predisposition, viral exposure (like Epstein-Barr, Coronavirus, and Retrovirus), developing immune system issues, and abnormal immune response to common antigens.

Specific criteria to diagnose Kawasaki disease, including a fever of at least 5 days and four of six signs: eye redness, mouth sores, swollen neck glands, skin changes, and rash.

Additional symptoms or signs seen with Kawasaki disease, such as heart inflammation (myocarditis/pericarditis), diarrhea, joint pain, kidney issues (proteinuria, WBCs in urine), reduced blood cells, and elevated inflammation markers.

Potential problems that can arise from Kawasaki disease, such as possible coronary artery aneurysms, myocarditis (heart inflammation).

First stage (up to 12 days), characterized by inflammation of blood vessels (capillaries, arterioles, venules) and the heart muscle (myocardium).

Second stage (Days 13-25), showing blood vessel breakdown (acute necrotizing vasculitis), potential aneurysm formation due to weak vessel structures.

Third stage (Days 26-40), with scar tissue formation, decreased blood vessel elasticity, and risk of blood clots (thrombosis).

Fourth stage (after Day 41), displaying heart muscle damage, scarring of the inner lining of the blood vessels (intimal thickening), and possible heart dysfunction.

A congenital heart defect with four problems: thick right ventricle, shifted aorta, narrowed pulmonary artery, and hole between ventricles.

The heart doesn't develop properly, reducing blood flow to the lungs due to the four heart defects.

Episodes of severe cyanosis in TOF, often triggered by exertion or stress, when more deoxygenated blood enters systemic circulation.

Narrowing of the pulmonary artery valve, obstructing blood flow to the lungs, causing the right ventricle to work harder.

Thickening of the right ventricle, due to the increased effort needed to push blood through the narrowed pulmonary artery.

Hole in the wall between the ventricles, enabling mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Aorta positioned above the ventricular septal defect, receiving mixed blood, leading to overall reduced oxygen in the body.

Bluish discoloration of the skin due to low blood oxygen levels.