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Questions and Answers
What is the term for increased blood pressure?
What is the term for increased blood pressure?
What is the localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel called?
What is the localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel called?
What vessel carries blood away from the heart?
What vessel carries blood away from the heart?
What is the contraction phase of the heartbeat called?
What is the contraction phase of the heartbeat called?
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Localized necrosis of cardiac muscle tissue due to blocked blood supply is termed:
Localized necrosis of cardiac muscle tissue due to blocked blood supply is termed:
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What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?
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Which of the following is NOT an anatomical component of the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following is NOT an anatomical component of the cardiovascular system?
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What is the term for fatty deposits accumulating in a blood vessel's lining?
What is the term for fatty deposits accumulating in a blood vessel's lining?
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Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?
Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?
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What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
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Which part of the cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure?
Which part of the cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure?
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The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into which vessel?
The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood into which vessel?
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Which component of blood helps in the immune response?
Which component of blood helps in the immune response?
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What is the main function of arteries in the vascular system?
What is the main function of arteries in the vascular system?
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Which vessel connects arterioles to capillaries?
Which vessel connects arterioles to capillaries?
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What does the sinoatrial (SA) node do?
What does the sinoatrial (SA) node do?
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What is angina pectoris primarily caused by?
What is angina pectoris primarily caused by?
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Which condition results from localized weakness in a blood vessel wall?
Which condition results from localized weakness in a blood vessel wall?
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What is the primary characteristic of atherosclerosis?
What is the primary characteristic of atherosclerosis?
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What does the term 'bradycardia' refer to?
What does the term 'bradycardia' refer to?
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Which diagnostic tool uses ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures?
Which diagnostic tool uses ultrasound to visualize cardiac structures?
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What does 'dyspnea' describe?
What does 'dyspnea' describe?
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What does the term 'ischemia' refer to?
What does the term 'ischemia' refer to?
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What causes myocardial infarction (MI)?
What causes myocardial infarction (MI)?
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What type of shock is caused by heart failure?
What type of shock is caused by heart failure?
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Which of the following describes edema?
Which of the following describes edema?
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What does 'vasospasm' refer to?
What does 'vasospasm' refer to?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System Overview
- The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing waste products.
- The system plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, maintaining fluid balance, and enabling immune responses.
- The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood.
Heart Anatomy
- The heart is divided into four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles.
- Right atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.
- Right ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery.
- Left atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins.
- Left ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta.
Blood Vessels
- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart. Most carry oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary artery.
- Arterioles: Smaller vessels that branch off from arteries and lead into capillaries.
- Capillaries: Smallest vessels, where exchange of substances occurs between blood and tissues.
- Venules: Small vessels that collect blood from capillaries and drain into veins.
- Veins: Carry blood back to the heart. Most carry deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary veins.
Cardiovascular Terminology
- Artery: A vessel that carries blood away from the heart (roots: arter, arteri/o).
- Arteriole: A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries (root: arterio).
- Vein: A vessel that carries blood back to the heart (roots: ven/o, phleb/o).
- Venule: A small vessel that carries blood from the capillaries to the veins.
- Valve: A structure that prevents backflow of fluid (roots: valv/o, valvul/o).
- Sinoatrial (SA) node: The pacemaker of the heart, located in the upper right atrium, initiating the impulse for each heartbeat.
- Systole: The contraction phase of the heartbeat cycle (adjective: systolic).
- Myocardium: The thick middle layer of the heart wall made of cardiac muscle.
Cardiovascular System Disorders
- Aneurysm: Abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall.
- Angina pectoris: Chest pain or discomfort caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart, usually brought on by exertion.
- Arrhythmia: Abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (also called dysrhythmia).
- Atherosclerosis: Development of fatty plaques in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing and hardening of the vessel wall.
- Dyslipidemia: Disorder in serum lipid levels (includes hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia).
- Bradycardia: Slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm).
- Tachycardia: Fast heart rate (more than 100 bpm at rest).
- Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing.
- Edema: Swelling of body tissues due to excess fluid.
- Heart failure: Inability of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation.
- Hypertension: Higher-than-normal blood pressure (essential/primary hypertension has no known cause).
- Myocardial infarction (MI): Localized death of cardiac muscle tissue caused by a blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery.
- Embolism: Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or other matter.
- Ischemia: Local deficiency of blood supply.
- Stroke: Sudden brain damage due to reduced blood flow (caused by atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage).
- Shock: Circulatory failure leading to inadequate blood supply to tissues (types: cardiogenic, hypovolemic, septic).
Diagnostic Tools
- Coronary angiography: Radiographic study of the coronary arteries using a dye injected through a catheter.
- Echocardiography (ECG): Non-invasive ultrasound method to visualize internal cardiac structures.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential aspects of the cardiovascular system, including its anatomy and functions. Learn about the components such as the heart, blood vessels, and the role they play in circulation and overall body functions. Test your knowledge on how these parts work together to maintain health.
