Cardiovascular System: Functions and Components

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Questions and Answers

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for locomotion?

  • Epithelial
  • Skeletal (correct)
  • Smooth
  • Cardiac

Cardiac muscle is primarily involved in maintaining blood pressure.

False (B)

What is the primary function of smooth muscle?

Propels substances through organs and maintains pressure

The term 'SCS' is a mnemonic for which muscle tissue types? ______, ______, and ______

<p>Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each muscle tissue type with its corresponding activation mechanism:

<p>Skeletal = Voluntary (somatic nervous system) Cardiac = Involuntary (pacemaker/autonomic) Smooth = Involuntary (autonomic/chemicals)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle tissue type is characterized by long, striated fibers?

<p>Skeletal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells are spindle-shaped and non-striated.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue?

<p>Skeletal muscle is long fibers, cardiac is branched fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smooth muscle tissue is located in the walls of ______ and ______.

<p>organs, vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each muscle tissue type with its primary location in the body:

<p>Skeletal = Attached to Bones Cardiac = Heart Smooth = Walls of Organs/Vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by both skeletal and smooth muscle cells regarding their shape?

<p>Elongated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle cells are less striated compared to skeletal muscle cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On what two myofilaments does the contraction basis of all muscle tissue depend?

<p>Actin and Myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The muscle cell plasma membrane is also known as the ______.

<p>Sarcolemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscle terminology with their definitions:

<p>Sarcolemma = Muscle Cell Plasma Membrane Sarcoplasm = Muscle Cell Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'Myo-' or 'Mys-' generally refer to in the context of muscle terminology?

<p>Muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term sarcoplasmic reticulum refers to a specialized type of endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the sliding filament mechanism during muscle contraction

<p>Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other/filaments shorten the fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'FAM' is a mnemonic of muscle features, ______, Actin/Myosin, Muscle terms.

<p>Fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscle characteristics (functional) to their correct definition:

<p>Excitability = Ability to receive and respond to stimuli Contractility = Ability to shorten forcibly Extensibility = Ability to be stretched or extended Elasticity = Ability to recoil and resume resting length</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics allows muscle tissue to respond to nerve signals?

<p>Excitability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elasticity refers to the ability of muscle tissue to be stretched beyond its resting length.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define the term 'contractility' in the context of muscle tissue.

<p>Ability to shorten forcibly</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of muscle tissue to be stretched or extended is known as ______.

<p>Extensibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connect the following muscle functions with their respective muscle tissue types:

<p>Locomotion = Skeletal Pumping Blood = Cardiac Maintaining Blood Pressure = Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue primarily courses blood through the body?

<p>Cardiac (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skeletal muscle is primarily responsible for maintaining posture and stabilizing joints.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of skeletal muscles in generating heat?

<p>shivering</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle carries out ______

<p>pumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscle tissue functions with the type that typically performs that role:

<p>Maintains posture = Skeletal Generates heat = Skeletal Propels substances = Smooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a crucial component supplied by arteries to muscle tissue for energy production?

<p>Oxygen and Nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Veins in muscle tissue primarily deliver oxygen and nutrients to muscle fibers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a continuous blood supply crucial for muscle function?

<p>Oxygen for ATP/Waste Removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

A muscle generally has ______ nerve, ______ artery and ______ or more veins.

<p>One, One, One</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the roles of the following components in the life line trio for muscle function:

<p>Nerve = Driver Artery = Gas Veins = Strict life line trio</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic for nerve, artery and veins lifeline?

<p>NAV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nerve signals trigger blood flow

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which waste products do veins in the muscle tissue remove?

<p>Waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nerve, Artery and Veins are a strict lifeline ______ for skeletal muscles.

<p>Trio</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their roles in muscle fiber:

<p>Nerve signals = Trigger contraction Artery signals = Fuels it with oxygen Vein signals = Cleans the wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of the functional characteristics of muscle tissue?

<p>Excitability allows muscles to receive and respond to stimuli, while contractility enables them to shorten forcibly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smooth muscle's primary role is locomotion, similar to skeletal muscle.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between a muscle's nerve supply, blood supply, and its ability to function effectively.

<p>Nerve supply triggers contraction, while blood supply provides oxygen (for ATP) and removes waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability of muscle tissue to stretch or extend beyond its resting length is known as ______.

<p>extensibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following muscle types with their respective functions:

<p>Skeletal = Locomotion Cardiac = Pumping blood Smooth = Maintaining blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Definition

Muscle tissue is specialized for movement, consisting of three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

Skeletal Muscle

Long, striated fibers attached to bones; responsible for locomotion.

Cardiac Muscle

Branched, striated fibers forming the heart; pumps blood involuntarily.

Smooth Muscle

Spindle-shaped, non-striated cells in organ walls/vessels; propels substances, maintains pressure.

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Skeletal Muscle Activation

Voluntary, somatic nervous system controlled muscle.

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Cardiac Muscle Activation

Involuntary muscle controlled by pacemaker/autonomic system.

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Smooth Muscle Activation

Involuntary muscle regulated by autonomic/chemicals.

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Muscle Shape

Skeletal and smooth cells are elongated; called muscle fibers.

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Contraction Basis

Depends on actin (thin) and myosin (thick) myofilaments.

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Sarcolemma

Muscle cell plasma membrane.

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Sarcoplasm

Muscle cell cytoplasm.

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Muscle Prefixes

Myo-, mys-, sarco- all mean muscle.

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Excitability (Irritability)

The ability to receive and respond to stimuli (e.g., nerve signals, hormones).

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Contractility

The ability to shorten forcibly (movement or tension).

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Extensibility

The ability to be stretched/extended (beyond resting length).

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Elasticity

The ability to recoil and resume original resting length.

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Skeletal Muscle Function

Responsible for all locomotion (e.g., walking, lifting).

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Cardiac Muscle Function

Courses blood through the body (heart pumping).

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Smooth Muscle Function

Maintains blood pressure, propels substances through organs (e.g., food in gut, feces in colon).

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Additional Muscle Roles

Maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat.

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Muscle Supply

Each muscle has one nerve, one artery, and one or more veins.

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Nerve Role

Each fiber has a nerve ending controlling contraction (motor neuron).

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Blood Role

Arteries deliver oxygen/nutrients continuously; veins remove wastes.

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Study Notes

Cardiovascular System

Functions

  • Pumping blood throughout the body is a key function.
  • Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are transported.
  • The system protects against disease.
  • Body temperature, fluid pH, and the water content of cells are regulated.

Components

  • The muscular pump, the heart, is a component of the system.
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
  • Veins carry blood toward the heart.
  • Capillaries facilitate nutrient/waste exchange between blood and cells.
  • Blood is a fluid connective tissue.

Blood Vessels

  • Arteries have thick, elastic walls.
  • Arteries transport blood under high pressure.
  • Arteries branch into smaller arterioles.
  • Arterioles constrict or dilate, regulating blood pressure/flow.
  • Capillaries are microscopic vessels with thin, porous walls.
  • Capillaries enable material exchange between blood and cells.
  • Venules are small vessels that collect blood from capillaries.
  • Veins have thinner, less elastic walls than arteries.
  • Veins transport blood under low pressure.
  • Valves in veins prevent backflow.

The Heart

  • The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, about the size of a fist.
  • It is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.
  • Myocardium is the cardiac muscle tissue the heart consists of.
  • The pericardium is a double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart.
  • The endocardium is the inner lining of the heart.

Heart Chambers

  • Two atria are the upper heart chambers which receive returning blood.
  • The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
  • The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
  • The two ventricles are the lower heart chambers that pump blood out.
  • The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
  • The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Heart Valves

  • Atrioventricular (AV) valves are between atria and ventricles.
  • AV valves prevent backflow into the atria during ventricle contraction.
  • The right AV valve is the tricuspid valve.
  • The left AV valve is the bicuspid (mitral) valve.
  • Semilunar valves are located between ventricles and major arteries.
  • Semilunar valves prevent backflow into the ventricles, as they relax.
  • The pulmonary valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery.
  • The aortic valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta.

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