Podcast
Questions and Answers
Oxygen-poor blood enters which chamber of the heart?
Oxygen-poor blood enters which chamber of the heart?
Right Atrium
The right atrioventricular valve is also called the?
The right atrioventricular valve is also called the?
tricuspid valve
The only arteries in the body that carry oxygen-poor blood are the coronary arteries.
The only arteries in the body that carry oxygen-poor blood are the coronary arteries.
False
Left ventricular contraction propels blood through which valve?
Left ventricular contraction propels blood through which valve?
Signup and view all the answers
How many pulmonary veins are there?
How many pulmonary veins are there?
Signup and view all the answers
The external layer of the heart wall is the?
The external layer of the heart wall is the?
Signup and view all the answers
The __________ valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle.
The __________ valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Signup and view all the answers
Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?
Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?
Signup and view all the answers
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?
Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?
Signup and view all the answers
Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?
Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?
Signup and view all the answers
The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to?
The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax?
Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax?
Signup and view all the answers
The sequence of travel by an action potential through the heart is?
The sequence of travel by an action potential through the heart is?
Signup and view all the answers
In the heart, an action potential originates in the?
In the heart, an action potential originates in the?
Signup and view all the answers
This is true concerning the heart conduction system?
This is true concerning the heart conduction system?
Signup and view all the answers
The P wave of the ECG coincides with ventricular filling.
The P wave of the ECG coincides with ventricular filling.
Signup and view all the answers
During the depolarization phase of cardiac muscle?
During the depolarization phase of cardiac muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
In cardiac muscle, after the plateau phase and at the beginning of repolarization?
In cardiac muscle, after the plateau phase and at the beginning of repolarization?
Signup and view all the answers
The sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as the _____________ of the heart.
The sinoatrial (SA) node is referred to as the _____________ of the heart.
Signup and view all the answers
Cell-to-cell junctions, called intercalated discs, contain distinct structural features called gap junctions and?
Cell-to-cell junctions, called intercalated discs, contain distinct structural features called gap junctions and?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct order of spread of the action potential through the heart's conduction system?
What is the correct order of spread of the action potential through the heart's conduction system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not true for ventricular systole?
Which of the following is not true for ventricular systole?
Signup and view all the answers
The ventricles begin to fill during ventricular diastole.
The ventricles begin to fill during ventricular diastole.
Signup and view all the answers
The semilunar valves close during?
The semilunar valves close during?
Signup and view all the answers
The atrioventricular valves open during?
The atrioventricular valves open during?
Signup and view all the answers
Atrial contraction accounts for most of the ventricular filling.
Atrial contraction accounts for most of the ventricular filling.
Signup and view all the answers
During which event of the cardiac cycle does aortic pressure reach its maximum?
During which event of the cardiac cycle does aortic pressure reach its maximum?
Signup and view all the answers
The audible heart sounds are caused by the contraction of the atria and ventricles.
The audible heart sounds are caused by the contraction of the atria and ventricles.
Signup and view all the answers
Given that cardiac output equals ____________, there are only two ways to change it: change the heart rate or change the stroke volume.
Given that cardiac output equals ____________, there are only two ways to change it: change the heart rate or change the stroke volume.
Signup and view all the answers
What variables determine the effects on cardiac output?
What variables determine the effects on cardiac output?
Signup and view all the answers
Cardiac output is normally expressed as?
Cardiac output is normally expressed as?
Signup and view all the answers
Indicate whether the given factor would increase or decrease heart rate.
Indicate whether the given factor would increase or decrease heart rate.
Signup and view all the answers
Indicate whether each item would increase or decrease contractility.
Indicate whether each item would increase or decrease contractility.
Signup and view all the answers
Indicate whether each item would increase or decrease stroke volume.
Indicate whether each item would increase or decrease stroke volume.
Signup and view all the answers
Just prior to atrial contraction?
Just prior to atrial contraction?
Signup and view all the answers
Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped?
Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped?
Signup and view all the answers
Norepinephrine is considered a positive chronotropic agent because it causes?
Norepinephrine is considered a positive chronotropic agent because it causes?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the Frank-Starling law?
According to the Frank-Starling law?
Signup and view all the answers
A drug that decreased calcium levels in a muscle cell and thereby lowered the number of crossbridges formed during the heart's contractions would be a?
A drug that decreased calcium levels in a muscle cell and thereby lowered the number of crossbridges formed during the heart's contractions would be a?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following would cause a decrease in cardiac output?
Which of the following would cause a decrease in cardiac output?
Signup and view all the answers
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart occurs via?
Parasympathetic innervation of the heart occurs via?
Signup and view all the answers
Sympathetic innervation of the heart?
Sympathetic innervation of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.
The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Nodal rhythm is set by the ___________ and is slower.
Nodal rhythm is set by the ___________ and is slower.
Signup and view all the answers
What valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle?
What valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle?
Signup and view all the answers
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.
Signup and view all the answers
The blood in the aorta is ____________.
The blood in the aorta is ____________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
Signup and view all the answers
The _______________ carries parasympathetic innervation to the heart.
The _______________ carries parasympathetic innervation to the heart.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following will decrease heart rate?
Which of the following will decrease heart rate?
Signup and view all the answers
Blood within the inferior vena cavae returns to the ________.
Blood within the inferior vena cavae returns to the ________.
Signup and view all the answers
The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of ________.
The plateau in the action potential of cardiac muscle results from the action of ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which is true regarding cardiac myocardium?
Which is true regarding cardiac myocardium?
Signup and view all the answers
During ventricular diastole ___________.
During ventricular diastole ___________.
Signup and view all the answers
A negative chronotropic drug will result in ____________.
A negative chronotropic drug will result in ____________.
Signup and view all the answers
Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following will increase heart muscle contractility?
Which of the following will increase heart muscle contractility?
Signup and view all the answers
During ventricular diastole, pressure drops and the ___________ valves close due to the backflow of blood from the arteries.
During ventricular diastole, pressure drops and the ___________ valves close due to the backflow of blood from the arteries.
Signup and view all the answers
________________ is persistent high heart rate in a resting adult and may result from stress, drugs, heart disease or an increase in body temperature.
________________ is persistent high heart rate in a resting adult and may result from stress, drugs, heart disease or an increase in body temperature.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following would have a positive inotropic effect and result in an increase in stroke volume?
Which of the following would have a positive inotropic effect and result in an increase in stroke volume?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following will increase cardiac output?
Which of the following will increase cardiac output?
Signup and view all the answers
The bicuspid valve separates ________.
The bicuspid valve separates ________.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Heart Anatomy and Blood Flow
- Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium of the heart.
- The right atrioventricular valve is known as the tricuspid valve.
- Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood, not coronary arteries.
- Four pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
- The left ventricular contraction propels blood through the aortic valve.
Cardiac Structures and Valves
- The epicardium is the external layer of the heart wall.
- The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle.
- The aortic semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle during relaxation.
Action Potentials and Conduction System
- An action potential travels in sequence: sinoatrial node (SA node) → atrioventricular node (AV node) → AV bundle → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers.
- The SA node is the heart's pacemaker.
- Action potentials pass slowly through the AV node due to the delay it creates.
- The P wave on an ECG corresponds to atrial depolarization and ventricular filling.
Cardiac Cycle and Phases
- Ventricular diastole is when the ventricles fill with blood.
- During ventricular systole, the ventricles contract and aortic pressure reaches its maximum during ventricular ejection.
- Heart sounds occur by the closure of valves, not by muscle contractions.
Cardiac Output and Regulation
- Cardiac output is determined by heart rate (HR) multiplied by stroke volume (SV).
- Factors influencing heart rate include exercise, hormonal stimulation (such as epinephrine), and nerve activity.
- Increased preload, contractility, and muscular activity can increase stroke volume.
- Decreased stroke volume can result from increases in afterload or significant blood loss.
Innervation and Hormonal Effects
- The vagus nerve (CN X) provides parasympathetic innervation, decreasing heart rate.
- Sympathetic stimulation increases both heart rate and contraction strength.
- Conditions affecting ion levels, like hyperkalemia, can decrease contractility.
Cardiac Muscle Properties
- Myocardium relies on aerobic metabolism making it susceptible to ischemic damage.
- The plateau phase in cardiac action potentials results from calcium channel activity, extending contraction duration.
Heart Rate and Rhythm
- Tachycardia is characterized by a persistently high heart rate in resting adults, possibly due to stress or drugs.
- Normal heart rhythms may shift due to variations in SA node activity or autonomic influences.
Summary of Valves and Circulation
- Aortic semilunar valves prevent backflow to the left ventricle; tricuspid valve separates right atrium from right ventricle; bicuspid valve separates left atrium from left ventricle.
- Blood flows from the inferior vena cava into the right atrium, completing the circuit of systemic circulation.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system with these flashcards focusing on essential heart functions and structures. Each card presents a question or statement related to the heart, including chambers, valves, and blood flow. Perfect for students wanting to reinforce their understanding of heart anatomy.