Cardiovascular System Chapter 12 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the functions of the atria and ventricles of the heart?

Atria are the receiving chambers of the heart, and ventricles are the discharging chambers of the heart.

What coverings does the heart have and what is the heart's lining called?

Pericardium is two layers of fibrous tissue with a small space in between. Endocardium is the lining.

What are systole and diastole of the heart?

Systole is the contraction, and diastole is the relaxation of the atria and ventricle.

What are the two major circulations of the body?

Pulmonary and systemic circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What structure is the natural 'pacemaker' of the heart?

Sinoatrial node. Signup and view all the answers

What information is in an electrocardiogram?

Graphic record of the heart's electrical activity. Signup and view all the answers

Can you describe the three major layers of a large blood vessel?

Tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima. Signup and view all the answers

What are capillaries?

Capillaries are the exchange vessels that are microscopic and have only one wall—tunica intima. Signup and view all the answers

How do systemic and pulmonary circulations differ?

Systemic circulation moves blood from the left ventricle to the body, while pulmonary circulation moves blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hepatic portal circulation?

Route of blood flow through the liver. Signup and view all the answers

How is fetal circulation different from adult circulation?

The circulation in a fetus includes structures like ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus that close at birth. Signup and view all the answers

How does the blood pressure gradient explain blood flow?

When a blood pressure gradient is present, blood circulates; if not, blood does not circulate. Signup and view all the answers

Name four factors that influence blood pressure.

Blood volume, strength of heart contraction, heart rate, and thickness of the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Does a person's blood pressure stay the same all the time?

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the places on your body that you can likely feel your pulse?

Temporal artery, carotid artery, brachial artery, radial artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery, dorsalis pedis. Signup and view all the answers

____ are the thicker chambers of the heart, which are sometimes called the discharging chambers.

ventricles Signup and view all the answers

The ____ are the thinner chambers, which are sometimes called the receiving chambers of the heart.

atria Signup and view all the answers

Cardiac muscle tissue is called _____.

myocardium Signup and view all the answers

The ventricles of the heart are separated into right and left sides by the ____.

interventricular septum Signup and view all the answers

The layer of tissue lining the interior of the heart chambers is called the _____.

endocardium Signup and view all the answers

Another term for the visceral pericardium is the ____.

epicardium Signup and view all the answers

Contraction of the heart is called ____.

systole Signup and view all the answers

Relaxation of the heart is called ___.

diastole Signup and view all the answers

The heart valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the ____ valve.

tricuspid (right atrioventricular) Signup and view all the answers

The term ____ refers to the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each beat.

stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

The ____ is the pacemaker of the heart and causes the contraction of the atria.

sinoatrial node Signup and view all the answers

The ____ are extensions of the atrioventricular fibers and cause the contraction of the ventricles.

Purkinje fibers Signup and view all the answers

The ECG tracing that occurs when the ventricles depolarize is called the ____.

QRS complex Signup and view all the answers

The ECG tracing that occurs when the atria depolarize is called the ____.

P wave Signup and view all the answers

The _____ are the blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

veins Signup and view all the answers

The _____ are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

arteries Signup and view all the answers

The ____ are the microscopic blood vessels in which substances are exchanged between the blood and tissues.

capillaries Signup and view all the answers

The innermost layer of tissue in an artery is called the _____.

tunica intima Signup and view all the answers

The outermost layer of tissue in an artery is called the ____.

tunica adentitia Signup and view all the answers

What does systemic circulation involve?

Moving blood throughout the body. Signup and view all the answers

What does pulmonary circulation involve?

Moving the blood from the heart to the lungs and back. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following structures in the developing fetus that allow most blood to bypass the lungs.

Ductus venosus = Allows most of the blood to bypass the immature liver Foramen ovale = Shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium Ductus arteriosus = Connects aorta and the pulmonary artery Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Chambers and Functions

Atria serve as the receiving chambers for blood, while ventricles function as the discharging chambers.
The ventricles are the thicker chambers of the heart, responsible for pumping blood out of the heart.

Heart Structure and Coverings

The heart is covered by the pericardium, consisting of two layers of fibrous tissue with a small space in between.
The endocardium lines the interior of the heart chambers.

Cardiac Phases

Systole refers to the contraction phase of the heart, whereas diastole indicates the relaxation phase.

Circulatory Systems

The body has two major circulatory pathways: pulmonary circulation (to and from the lungs) and systemic circulation (to and from the rest of the body).
The hepatic portal circulation directs blood flow through the liver.

Heart Electrical Activity

The sinoatrial (SA) node acts as the heart's natural pacemaker, initiating contraction signals for the atria.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) provides a graphic record of the heart's electrical activity, identifying key waves like the P wave (atria depolarization) and QRS complex (ventricles depolarization).

Blood Vessels

Blood vessels consist of three major layers:
- Tunica externa: outer layer of connective tissue fibers.
- Tunica media: middle layer of smooth muscle tissue.
- Tunica intima: innermost layer lined by endothelial cells.
Capillaries, the exchange vessels, are microscopic with a single wall (tunica intima) to facilitate rapid substance exchange.

Blood Flow Dynamics

Blood pressure gradients are crucial for blood circulation; a gradient allows desired flow, while its absence halts circulation.
Influencing factors for blood pressure include blood volume, heart contraction strength, heart rate, and blood viscosity.

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation features three structures enabling blood bypass of the underdeveloped lungs: foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and ductus venosus (bypassing the immature liver).

Heart Valves and Blood Flow

The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle, controlling blood flow.
Blood flow through the heart follows a specific order from right atrium to left ventricle and then out through the aorta.

Pulses and Measurement

Pulse can be felt in various areas including the temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, and dorsalis pedis arteries.

Summary of Key Terms

Myocardium: cardiac muscle tissue.
Stroke volume: volume of blood ejected by a ventricle during each contraction.
Veins carry blood back to the heart, while arteries transport blood away from the heart.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Chapter 12 of the Cardiovascular System. This quiz covers important concepts such as the functions of the atria and ventricles, as well as the heart's coverings and lining. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of cardiac anatomy.