24 Questions
What type of hormones do cytokines generally act as?
Autocrine or paracrine
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transportation of Oxygen
What is the composition of the globin portion of hemoglobin?
2 Alpha and 2 beta chains
What is the function of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?
Unknown, but present in RBCs
What is the shape of a red blood cell?
Biconcave discs
What is the approximate number of hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell?
280 million
What percentage of the volume of blood is composed of RBCs if the haematocrit is 40?
40%
In adult females, what is the average haematocrit percentage?
42%
What is the condition characterized by a higher-than-normal number of RBCs?
Polycythaemia
Where does hemopoiesis first occur in the embryo?
Yolk Sac
What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?
To increase the population of erythrocytes
What is the primary site of hemopoiesis in the last 3 months before birth and after birth?
Red bone marrow
What is the primary function of blood in maintaining homeostasis?
To transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones to and from the body's cells
What is the scientific term for the study of blood and its disorders?
Hematology
What is the average pH of blood?
7.35 to 7.45
What is the approximate percentage of extracellular fluid that blood occupies?
20%
What is the term for the percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells?
Hematocrit
What is the color of blood when it is saturated with oxygen?
Bright red
What is the primary function of hemostasis?
To prevent bleeding when blood vessels are damaged
What is the purpose of vascular spasm in hemostasis?
To reduce blood loss for several minutes to several hours
What is platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) responsible for?
Proliferating vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle fibers, and fibroblasts
What is the primary component of a platelet plug?
Platelets
What is the result of extensive hemorrhage from larger blood vessels?
Medical intervention is usually required
What is the function of thromboxane A2 in platelet plug formation?
To promote platelet aggregation
Test your knowledge of the cardiovascular system, including the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Learn about the functions of blood, hematology, and its role in maintaining homeostasis.
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