Cardiovascular System and Hematology
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Questions and Answers

What type of hormones do cytokines generally act as?

  • Endocrine
  • Exocrine
  • Pituitary
  • Autocrine or paracrine (correct)

    • What is the primary function of red blood cells?

  • Regulate blood flow and blood pressure
  • Transportation of Oxygen (correct)
  • Formulation of Hemoglobin
  • Produce ATPs anaerobically

    • What is the composition of the globin portion of hemoglobin?

  • 2 Alpha and 2 beta chains (correct)
  • 1 Alpha and 3 beta chains
  • 3 Alpha and 1 beta chains
  • 4 Alpha chains

    • What is the function of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?

    <p>Unknown, but present in RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of a red blood cell?

    <p>Biconcave discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell?

    <p>280 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the volume of blood is composed of RBCs if the haematocrit is 40?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adult females, what is the average haematocrit percentage?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition characterized by a higher-than-normal number of RBCs?

    <p>Polycythaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does hemopoiesis first occur in the embryo?

    <p>Yolk Sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

    <p>To increase the population of erythrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of hemopoiesis in the last 3 months before birth and after birth?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of blood in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>To transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones to and from the body's cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific term for the study of blood and its disorders?

    <p>Hematology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average pH of blood?

    <p>7.35 to 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of extracellular fluid that blood occupies?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the percentage of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells?

    <p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of blood when it is saturated with oxygen?

    <p>Bright red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hemostasis?

    <p>To prevent bleeding when blood vessels are damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of vascular spasm in hemostasis?

    <p>To reduce blood loss for several minutes to several hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) responsible for?

    <p>Proliferating vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle fibers, and fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of a platelet plug?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of extensive hemorrhage from larger blood vessels?

    <p>Medical intervention is usually required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thromboxane A2 in platelet plug formation?

    <p>To promote platelet aggregation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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