Blood and Cardiovascular System Quiz

Plasma is a liquid component of blood, making up approximately 55% of its total volume, and serves as a transport medium for various nutrients, hormones, gases, and waste products.
Serum is a clear, straw-colored liquid component of blood that makes up approximately 45% of its total volume, obtained by allowing blood to clot and then removing the blood cells and clotting factors, leaving behind a liquid component that contains proteins, nutrients, and waste products.
These formed elements play a vital role in the circulatory system, with each having distinct functions. Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are part of the immune system and help fight infections. Thrombocytes, or platelets, participate in blood clotting and repair processes.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, are the most abundant type of formed element in the circulatory system, responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues through a process of diffusion, allowing cells to utilize the necessary energy for various physiological functions.
Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are a vital constituent of the immune system, responsible for protecting the body against infections, foreign substances, and diseases, playing a crucial role in the detection, elimination, and prevention of various pathogenic agents.
Thrombus known as platelets, responsible for blood clotting and playing a crucial role in hemostasis, stopping bleeding in response to injury or damage.

Prefixes to know:
- Eu- means good, well, normal, or easy
- Infer- means below
- Dis- means apart, away, or opposite of
- Ambi- means both, on both sides, or around
Roots to know:
- Necr- means dead
- Capit- means head
- Orth- means straight, correct, or normal
- Splanchn- means internal organs or viscera
- Cryo- means cold
- Puer- means child or children
Suffixes to know:
- –clast means break or destroy
- –ectomy means surgical removal or excision
- –malacia means soft, soft condition, or abnormal lessening of normal firmness
- –otomy means cutting into or surgical incision
- –plegia means paralysis or loss of power

The heart has four chambers:
- Upper chambers: right and left atria
- Lower chambers: right and left ventricles

Atrioventricular (AV) valves:
- Located between atria and ventricles
- Prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria
Semilunar valves:
- Located at the exit points of the ventricles
- Prevent backflow of blood from arteries to ventricles

Blood vessels that deliver blood to each upper chamber of the heart:
- Superior and inferior vena cavae (right atrium)
- Pulmonary veins (left atrium)
Blood vessels that receive blood from each of the lower chambers of the heart:
- Pulmonary artery (right ventricle)
- Aorta (left ventricle)

Blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart
Blood travels to the body tissues through the aorta
Blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
Blood picks up waste products and carbon dioxide from body tissues
Blood returns to the right atrium of the heart through the superior and inferior vena cavae

Capillary beds are networks of tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with body tissues.
Capillary beds allow for the exchange of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid.