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Questions and Answers
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
- Arteries (correct)
- Capillaries
- Veins
- Venules
What is the structure of the wall of a capillary?
What is the structure of the wall of a capillary?
- Multiple cell layers thick
- Thick muscle layer
- No wall
- One cell layer thick (correct)
What causes arteries closest to the heart to have large diameters and thick walls?
What causes arteries closest to the heart to have large diameters and thick walls?
- Heart's pumping (correct)
- Fluid pressure
- Distance from the heart
- Exchange of gases
Which blood vessels are structurally similar to arterioles?
Which blood vessels are structurally similar to arterioles?
What is the main function of the pulmonary circuit?
What is the main function of the pulmonary circuit?
Why does blood continue to flow toward the heart in veins despite the low pressure?
Why does blood continue to flow toward the heart in veins despite the low pressure?
What is the purpose of the systemic circuit?
What is the purpose of the systemic circuit?
What happens to the diameter and wall thickness of arteries as they are further from the heart?
What happens to the diameter and wall thickness of arteries as they are further from the heart?
Where does blood leaving capillaries collect before heading back toward the heart?
Where does blood leaving capillaries collect before heading back toward the heart?
Why don't venous walls become as thick as arterial walls?
Why don't venous walls become as thick as arterial walls?
What are the three main components of the cardiovascular system?
What are the three main components of the cardiovascular system?
Where is the heart located in the body?
Where is the heart located in the body?
What is the function of the pericardium?
What is the function of the pericardium?
How many chambers does the heart have?
How many chambers does the heart have?
What is the function of the atria in the heart?
What is the function of the atria in the heart?
What is the name of the thick wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart?
What is the name of the thick wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart?
What are the two types of valves found in the heart?
What are the two types of valves found in the heart?
How many times does blood enter the heart during one complete circuit of the cardiovascular system?
How many times does blood enter the heart during one complete circuit of the cardiovascular system?
What are the three types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?
What are the three types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system?
What are the three layers of the walls of arteries and veins?
What are the three layers of the walls of arteries and veins?
Which type of blood cell is responsible for delivering oxygen to the tissues?
Which type of blood cell is responsible for delivering oxygen to the tissues?
What is the main function of white blood cells?
What is the main function of white blood cells?
Which component makes up the largest percentage of total blood volume?
Which component makes up the largest percentage of total blood volume?
Where do red blood cells originate?
Where do red blood cells originate?
What is the approximate lifespan of a red blood cell?
What is the approximate lifespan of a red blood cell?
Which type of white blood cell is responsible for destroying pathogens?
Which type of white blood cell is responsible for destroying pathogens?
What is the main component of plasma?
What is the main component of plasma?
Which organ removes worn out red blood cells from the circulatory system?
Which organ removes worn out red blood cells from the circulatory system?
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
What is the rate of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation)?
What is the rate of erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation)?
Which of the following is NOT a main function of blood cells?
Which of the following is NOT a main function of blood cells?
Which blood cell type is responsible for phagocytosis and digestion of protozoa and viruses?
Which blood cell type is responsible for phagocytosis and digestion of protozoa and viruses?
Which blood cell type is responsible for clotting of blood?
Which blood cell type is responsible for clotting of blood?
What is the process for repairing a hole in a blood vessel called?
What is the process for repairing a hole in a blood vessel called?
Which blood cell type is responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?
Which blood cell type is responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria?
Which blood cell type is responsible for defense against parasitic helminths?
Which blood cell type is responsible for defense against parasitic helminths?
Which blood cell type is responsible for releasing histamine and other inflammation mediators?
Which blood cell type is responsible for releasing histamine and other inflammation mediators?
Which blood cell type is responsible for generation of antibody-producing terminal cells and killing of virus-infected cells?
Which blood cell type is responsible for generation of antibody-producing terminal cells and killing of virus-infected cells?
What is the main function of platelets?
What is the main function of platelets?
What are platelets?
What are platelets?
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Study Notes
Blood Vessels
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart
- Capillaries have thin walls with a single layer of endothelial cells
- Arteries closest to the heart have large diameters and thick walls due to high pressure
Veins
- Veins have low pressure, but blood continues to flow towards the heart due to one-way valves and muscle contractions
- Blood leaving capillaries collects in venules before heading back towards the heart
Structure and Function
- The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
- The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, protected by the pericardium
- The heart has four chambers: right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle
- The atria receive blood, while the ventricles pump blood out
- The thick wall that divides the right and left sides of the heart is called the septum
- There are two types of valves in the heart: atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves
Blood Composition
- Blood cells are responsible for delivering oxygen, fighting infections, and clotting
- Red blood cells originate in the bone marrow and have a lifespan of approximately 120 days
- White blood cells are responsible for fighting infections, with neutrophils responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria
- Platelets are responsible for clotting and are formed at a rate of 200,000 per microliter per day
- Plasma makes up the largest percentage of total blood volume and is composed mostly of water
Blood Cell Functions
- Neutrophils are responsible for phagocytosis of bacteria
- Eosinophils are responsible for defense against parasitic helminths
- Basophils are responsible for releasing histamine and other inflammation mediators
- Lymphocytes are responsible for generating antibody-producing terminal cells and killing virus-infected cells
- Monocytes are responsible for phagocytosis and digestion of protozoa and viruses
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