L5 composition of Blood

Functions of Blood

• Transports oxygen (O2) from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to cells.
• Carries carbon dioxide (CO2) and metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination.
• Distributes hormones from endocrine glands to target organs.
• Maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature and extracellular fluid (ECF) pH.
• Absorbs and distributes heat to maintain appropriate body temperature.
• Utilizes buffer systems to maintain normal pH in body tissues.
• Ensures adequate fluid volume within the circulatory system to support circulation.

Immune Function

• Protects against infections through the action of white blood cells (WBCs) and antibodies.
• Synthesizes and utilizes antibodies to identify and neutralize pathogens.
• Activates WBCs to defend the body against foreign invaders effectively.

Hemostasis

• Prevents blood loss through clotting mechanisms.
• Activates plasma proteins and platelets in response to vessel injury.
• Initiates clot formation to seal broken blood vessels and prevent excessive bleeding.

Blood Composition

• Blood consists of cellular (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and non-cellular components (plasma).
• Key blood cell types include erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets).

Erythropoiesis, Leucopoiesis, and Thrombopoiesis

• Erythropoiesis: Formation and maturation of red blood cells, regulated by erythropoietin hormone.
• Leucopoiesis: Production of white blood cells to support immune functions.
• Thrombopoiesis: Development of platelets crucial for blood clotting.

RBC Formation

• Sites for RBC formation vary with developmental age, occurring in various locations such as the yolk sac, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

RBC Differentiation and Regulation

• Different stages of RBC differentiation include proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, and reticulocytes, each with unique features.
• Erythropoietin is secreted in response to hypoxia (low oxygen levels) and stimulates RBC production.

Clinical Conditions

• High levels of erythropoietin in the blood may be associated with certain clinical conditions, requiring further investigation.

Functions of Blood

• Transports oxygen (O2) from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive tract to cells.
• Carries carbon dioxide (CO2) and metabolic wastes from cells to the lungs and kidneys for elimination.
• Distributes hormones from endocrine glands to target organs.
• Maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature and extracellular fluid (ECF) pH.
• Absorbs and distributes heat to maintain appropriate body temperature.
• Utilizes buffer systems to maintain normal pH in body tissues.
• Ensures adequate fluid volume within the circulatory system to support circulation.

Immune Function

• Protects against infections through the action of white blood cells (WBCs) and antibodies.
• Synthesizes and utilizes antibodies to identify and neutralize pathogens.
• Activates WBCs to defend the body against foreign invaders effectively.

Hemostasis

• Prevents blood loss through clotting mechanisms.
• Activates plasma proteins and platelets in response to vessel injury.
• Initiates clot formation to seal broken blood vessels and prevent excessive bleeding.

Blood Composition

• Blood consists of cellular (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and non-cellular components (plasma).
• Key blood cell types include erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and thrombocytes (platelets).

Erythropoiesis, Leucopoiesis, and Thrombopoiesis

• Erythropoiesis: Formation and maturation of red blood cells, regulated by erythropoietin hormone.
• Leucopoiesis: Production of white blood cells to support immune functions.
• Thrombopoiesis: Development of platelets crucial for blood clotting.

RBC Formation

• Sites for RBC formation vary with developmental age, occurring in various locations such as the yolk sac, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

RBC Differentiation and Regulation

• Different stages of RBC differentiation include proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, and reticulocytes, each with unique features.
• Erythropoietin is secreted in response to hypoxia (low oxygen levels) and stimulates RBC production.

Clinical Conditions

• High levels of erythropoietin in the blood may be associated with certain clinical conditions, requiring further investigation.