Cardiovascular System Anatomy

The ______ is the space between the lungs.

The term cardio refers to the heart, whereas the term ______ refers to blood vessels.

The heart and blood vessels together form the ______ system.

The study of the normal heart and diseases associated with it is known as ______.

If the heart is located on the right side of the body's midline, it is called ______.

The heart is enclosed and held in place by the ______, a structure designed to confine the heart to its position in the mediastinum.

The ______ pericardium is made up of fibrous connective tissues and prevents overdistension of the heart.

The inner serous pericardium is a delicate double membrane structure; the parietal layer is directly beneath the ______ pericardium.

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also called ______.

Between the parietal and visceral layer of serous pericardium is a fluid known as ______ fluid.

If excessive fluid is accumulated in pericardial cavity then it causes the compression of heart - This compression is known as ______, which can lead to cardiac failure.

The wall of the heart is divided into three layers: the epicardium (external layer), ______ (middle layer), and endocardium (inner layer).

The myocardium is cardiac muscle fiber and striated. The myocardium is responsible for the ______ of the heart.

The endocardium is a thin layer of endothelium. It lines inside of the myocardium and covers the valve of the heart and the tendons the hold them ______.

The term, skeleton refers to the fibre tendons ring at the junction of atria and ______.

The two lower chambers of the heart are the right and left ______.

Externally, a groove known as coronary ______ separates the atria from ventricles.

The right atrium receives blood through three veins; superior vena cava receives the blood from the upper part of body; inferior vena cava receives the blood from the ______ part of body.

The pulmonary trunk divides into right and ______ pulmonary artery, each of which drains blood into the lungs.

The blood returns from the lung via four pulmonary ______ into left atrium.

Both ______ that leave the heart has a valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the heart.

Atrioventricular valves lie between the atria and ______.

If a microelectrode with a tip diameter of only 0.5 to 1 micron is introduced into a cardiac muscle fibre the negativity is called "Resting ______ Potential (RMP)".

The resting membrane potential exhibits a distribution of ions, specially potassium, ______ and chloride across the membrane.

Slightly different from that of the cardiac muscle cells, the RMP of ______ is not only different but also unstable.

The ______ in RMP is the change in response of stimulation, is called action potential.

Phase 0 of action potential is due to sudden hundred fold increase in permeability of the membrane to ______ ions.

Because they need only enough cardiac muscle tissue deliver the blood into ventricles with the aid of gravity the ______ atria is thin walled.

Both electrical phenomena and contraction (______ phenomena) occur during the process of excitation and contraction coupling.

During this phase, the Na-K pump is also again activated and restore the ______ composition.

The ionic basis of action potential is divided into five phases. ______ is the spike of action potential.

In SA node, Phase 1 is less then ______ Purkinjie fibre.

The SA node is also called the ______.

Thereby sets the basic pace for the heart rate - the SA node spontaneously ______ and generate action potentials.

One the action potential is initiated by the SA node, the impulse spreads out over both atria, causing them to contract, and at the same time ______ atrioventricular node (AV node).

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per ______.

The volume of stroke is collect the ______ volume.

In a resting adult average cardiac output is about ______ litres/min.

Fick's principles gives us the relationship between cardiac aut put, arteriovenous oxygen difference and ______.

The relationship of oxygen to blood is given using ______ principle.

During diastole is the relaxation phase of the ______ of heart is diastole.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) Impulse transmission through the conduction system generates ______ currents that can be detected on the body's surface.

Electroardiogram is a recording of the electrical changes that accompany the ______ cycle.