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Questions and Answers
Which major blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart?
Which major blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart?
- Pulmonary trunk
- Inferior vena cava (correct)
- Ascending aorta
- Superior vena cava
What is the primary function of systemic circulation?
What is the primary function of systemic circulation?
- To return blood to the right atrium
- To transport oxygenated blood to the body (correct)
- To supply deoxygenated blood to the abdomen
- To carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What condition involves the buildup of plaque inside arteries?
What condition involves the buildup of plaque inside arteries?
- Atherosclerosis (correct)
- Hypertension
- Thrombosis
- Varicose veins
Which vessel exits the right ventricle to carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Which vessel exits the right ventricle to carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?
Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart?
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
What is the main function of arteries in the circulatory system?
What is the main function of arteries in the circulatory system?
Which artery is a branch of the left coronary artery?
Which artery is a branch of the left coronary artery?
What feature is commonly associated with veins but not with arteries?
What feature is commonly associated with veins but not with arteries?
Which groove contains the anterior interventricular artery?
Which groove contains the anterior interventricular artery?
Where do the coronary arteries arise from?
Where do the coronary arteries arise from?
Which valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk?
Which valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk?
What characteristic differentiates veins from arteries in terms of wall composition?
What characteristic differentiates veins from arteries in terms of wall composition?
What is the primary shape of the heart?
What is the primary shape of the heart?
Which chambers of the heart function primarily as receiving chambers?
Which chambers of the heart function primarily as receiving chambers?
Where is the apex of the heart located?
Where is the apex of the heart located?
Which of the following surfaces is primarily formed by the left ventricle?
Which of the following surfaces is primarily formed by the left ventricle?
In the normal anatomical position, where does the apex of the heart direct?
In the normal anatomical position, where does the apex of the heart direct?
Which part of the heart lies opposite the middle four thoracic vertebrae?
Which part of the heart lies opposite the middle four thoracic vertebrae?
What structure forms the majority of the sternocostal surface of the heart?
What structure forms the majority of the sternocostal surface of the heart?
What is NOT a feature of the heart's anatomy?
What is NOT a feature of the heart's anatomy?
Flashcards
Valves
Valves
Crescent-shaped flaps that direct blood flow toward the heart. Their paired nature ensures efficient unidirectional blood flow.
Aorta
Aorta
The major vessel carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circulation
The circulation that delivers oxygenated blood to the body tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
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What is the heart's primary function?
What is the heart's primary function?
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What is the shape of the heart?
What is the shape of the heart?
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Where is the heart located?
Where is the heart located?
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Where is the apex of the heart located?
Where is the apex of the heart located?
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What forms the base of the heart?
What forms the base of the heart?
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How many chambers does the heart have and what are their functions?
How many chambers does the heart have and what are their functions?
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What is the normal anatomical position of the heart?
What is the normal anatomical position of the heart?
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What does the sternocostal surface of the heart consist of?
What does the sternocostal surface of the heart consist of?
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What is the mitral valve?
What is the mitral valve?
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What is the pulmonary valve?
What is the pulmonary valve?
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What is the tricuspid valve?
What is the tricuspid valve?
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What is the aortic valve?
What is the aortic valve?
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What does the right coronary artery supply blood to?
What does the right coronary artery supply blood to?
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What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
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What does the left coronary artery supply blood to?
What does the left coronary artery supply blood to?
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What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System Lecture Objectives
- Students will be able to define the site, shape, and relationships of the heart.
- Students will be able to identify the surfaces and internal features of the heart, and its blood supply.
- Students will be able to describe the components of the circulatory system and major circulations (systemic and pulmonary).
Heart Anatomy
- Shape: Pyramidal (apex and base)
- Site: Middle mediastinum
- Location: The apex is located at the fifth intercostal space, 3-cm from the midclavicular line.
- Base: Located opposite the middle four thoracic vertebrae (T5-T8).
- It is mainly formed by the left atrium and a small part of the right atrium.
- Surfaces:
- Sternocostal surface: Formed mainly by the right ventricle and a small part of the left ventricle. It also includes the right atrium and left auricle.
- Diaphragmatic surface: Formed by mostly the inferior portion of the left and right ventricles.
Heart Chambers
- Atria (2): Receiving chambers
- Ventricles (2): Pumping chambers
Heart Valves
- Atrioventricular Valves:
- Tricuspid valve: Between the right ventricle and right atrium
- Mitral valve (bicuspid): Between the left ventricle and left atrium
- Semilunar Valves:
- Pulmonary valve: Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
- Aortic valve: Between the left ventricle and ascending aorta
Blood Supply of the Heart
- Coronary arteries arise from the ascending aorta.
- Right coronary artery (RCA): Gives off marginal and posterior interventricular arteries.
- Left coronary artery (LCA): Gives off circumflex, anterior interventricular, and diagonal branches.
Grooves of the Heart
- Atrioventricular groove: Holds coronary arteries and coronary sinus.
- Anterior interventricular groove: Contains anterior interventricular artery and the great cardiac vein.
- Posterior interventricular groove: Contains posterior interventricular artery and middle cardiac vein.
Circulatory System (Blood Vessels)
- A closed network of tubes transporting blood.
- Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
- Veins: Carry blood towards the heart.
- Capillaries: Small vessels connecting arteries and veins, exchanging oxygen, nutrients, and wastes with tissues.
- Differences between arteries and veins:
- Vein walls are thinner, luminal diameters are larger, often multiple veins (venae comitantes) are closely associated with arteries in peripheral regions.
- Valves in peripheral veins assist blood flow towards the heart.
Applied Anatomy
- Atherosclerosis: A disease that impacts the cardiovascular system's health, which can result in stroke, acute coronary syndromes, and intermittent claudication in lower extremities.
- Varicose veins: A condition caused by swollen and twisted veins in the lower extremities.
Major Blood Vessels connected to the Heart
- Right: Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, Pulmonary trunk
- Left: Four pulmonary veins, Ascending aorta
Two Major Circulations in the Body
- Systemic circulation: Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
- Pulmonary circulation: Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation, and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the cardiovascular system, focusing on the heart's shape, site, and relationships. You'll explore the features of the heart and understand the components of the circulatory system, including systemic and pulmonary circulations.
