Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the average heart rate in beats per minute?
What is the average heart rate in beats per minute?
- 50
- 75 (correct)
- 100
- 120
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
- Pumping blood to body systems
- Supplying cells with oxygen
- Producing hormones (correct)
- Regulating body temperature
Which structure is the 'pump' of the cardiovascular system?
Which structure is the 'pump' of the cardiovascular system?
- Lungs
- Heart (correct)
- Blood vessels
- Blood
What is the name of the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart?
What is the name of the fibrous sac that surrounds the heart?
Which chamber receives blood from all body regions?
Which chamber receives blood from all body regions?
Which node is known as the pacemaker of the heart?
Which node is known as the pacemaker of the heart?
Which type of blood vessel is only one cell thick?
Which type of blood vessel is only one cell thick?
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
What does the word root 'arteri(o)' refer to?
What does the word root 'arteri(o)' refer to?
What does the prefix 'hemo-' refer to?
What does the prefix 'hemo-' refer to?
Which of the following terms refers to the study of the heart?
Which of the following terms refers to the study of the heart?
What does the suffix '-ologist' typically refer to?
What does the suffix '-ologist' typically refer to?
What is the meaning of the suffix '-stasis'?
What is the meaning of the suffix '-stasis'?
Hypertension is characterized by what condition?
Hypertension is characterized by what condition?
Which term relates to radiant energy or X-rays?
Which term relates to radiant energy or X-rays?
What is the meaning of the word root 'veno'?
What is the meaning of the word root 'veno'?
What does 'myo' refer to in the term 'myocardial infarction'?
What does 'myo' refer to in the term 'myocardial infarction'?
Which of these medical professionals specializes in the electrical impulses of the heart?
Which of these medical professionals specializes in the electrical impulses of the heart?
What does the prefix 'tachy-' mean?
What does the prefix 'tachy-' mean?
What does 'cardi(o)' refer to?
What does 'cardi(o)' refer to?
Which diagnostic study uses ultrasound to evaluate blood flow in the heart?
Which diagnostic study uses ultrasound to evaluate blood flow in the heart?
Which circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood to all parts of the body except the lungs?
Which circulatory system is responsible for transporting blood to all parts of the body except the lungs?
What is the term for the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle per minute?
What is the term for the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle per minute?
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
What does the diastolic blood pressure represent?
What does the diastolic blood pressure represent?
What is considered the normal range for blood pressure?
What is considered the normal range for blood pressure?
What does the prefix 'ultra' mean in medical terminology?
What does the prefix 'ultra' mean in medical terminology?
Which of the following best describes the function of Doppler ultrasonography?
Which of the following best describes the function of Doppler ultrasonography?
In echocardiography, what does 'echo' refer to?
In echocardiography, what does 'echo' refer to?
What is the primary purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
What is the primary purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
What is the main purpose of cardiac catheterization?
What is the main purpose of cardiac catheterization?
What do the prefixes 'cardio' and 'pulmonary' refer to respectively?
What do the prefixes 'cardio' and 'pulmonary' refer to respectively?
What does CABG stand for?
What does CABG stand for?
Thoracentesis involves puncturing the chest wall to?
Thoracentesis involves puncturing the chest wall to?
What does 'angiopathy' refer to?
What does 'angiopathy' refer to?
What is the primary cause of angina pectoris?
What is the primary cause of angina pectoris?
What is the main characteristic of atherosclerosis?
What is the main characteristic of atherosclerosis?
What does 'arteriosclerosis' primarily involve?
What does 'arteriosclerosis' primarily involve?
What is the definition of 'arrhythmia'?
What is the definition of 'arrhythmia'?
What defines 'bradycardia'?
What defines 'bradycardia'?
What is the primary issue in cardiogenic shock?
What is the primary issue in cardiogenic shock?
What is a key feature of congestive heart failure (CHF)?
What is a key feature of congestive heart failure (CHF)?
Flashcards
Systemic Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Circulation that supplies blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.
Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Circulation that involves the pulmonary arterial system.
Aorta
Aorta
The largest artery in the body; receives blood from the left ventricle.
Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output
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Heart Rate
Heart Rate
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Cardiovascular System (CVS)
Cardiovascular System (CVS)
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Arteries
Arteries
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Veins
Veins
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Capillaries
Capillaries
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Mediastinum
Mediastinum
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Pericardium
Pericardium
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Sinoatrial (SA) Node
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
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Right Ventricle
Right Ventricle
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angi(o)/vas(o)/vascul(o)
angi(o)/vas(o)/vascul(o)
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arter(o)/arteri(o)
arter(o)/arteri(o)
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Cardiology
Cardiology
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Cardiologist
Cardiologist
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Cardiac Surgeon
Cardiac Surgeon
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Electrophysiologist
Electrophysiologist
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Doppler echocardiography
Doppler echocardiography
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Electrophysiology
Electrophysiology
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Hemostasis
Hemostasis
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Hypertension (HT)
Hypertension (HT)
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Hypotension
Hypotension
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Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
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Pericarditis
Pericarditis
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Cardiac Transplantation
Cardiac Transplantation
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Angiopathy
Angiopathy
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Angina Pectoris
Angina Pectoris
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
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Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
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Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia
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Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac Arrest
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Doppler Ultrasonography
Doppler Ultrasonography
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Echocardiography (ECG)
Echocardiography (ECG)
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Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiac Catheterization
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Tomography
Tomography
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
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Thoracotomy
Thoracotomy
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Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis
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Study Notes
- The cardiovascular system (CVS) consists of the heart and blood vessels to transport blood.
- Blood vessels include arteries (carry blood away from the heart), veins (carry blood toward the heart), and capillaries (vessels between arteries and veins).
- Average heart rate: 75 beats per minute.
Function of CVS
- Pumps blood and delivers it to body systems.
- Supplies cells with oxygen and other nutrients for survival.
- Returns carbon dioxide and transports cellular waste for removal.
- Helps regulate body temperature.
Structures of CVS
- Heart: pump
- Vessels: container
- Blood: liquid
Heart Anatomy
- Location: mediastinum in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.
- Pericardium: fibrous sac around the heart, filled with pericardial fluid, separates the heart from other mediastinal structures.
- Epicardium: thin outermost layer of the heart wall.
- Myocardium: thick middle layer of the heart wall, made of cardiac muscle.
- Endocardium: thin internal membrane lining the chambers of the heart and covering the valves.
Heart Chambers
- Right atrium: upper right chamber that receives blood from the body.
- Right ventricle: lower right chamber receiving blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs.
- Left atrium: upper left chamber receiving oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
- Left ventricle: lower left chamber that pumps blood out the aorta to all parts of the body.
Pulse Conduction System
- Sinoatrial (SA) node: pacemaker, conducts and distributes impulses across the atria from ventricles.
- Atrioventricular (AV) node: generates impulses toward the atrioventricular bundle.
- Perkinje fibers: terminal fibers that carry impulses through the walls of the ventricles.
Blood Vessels Types
- Arteries: carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygenated.
- Arterioles: small arteries leading to capillaries.
- Capillaries: one cell thick, allow nutrient, gas, and waste exchange.
- Venules: small veins.
- Veins: carry blood to the heart, usually deoxygenated.
Circulations
- Systemic: all parts of the body except lungs.
- Pulmonary: pulmonary arterial system.
- Coronary Artery System: blood supply to the heart.
Terms and Definitions
- Aorta: largest artery, receives blood from the left ventricle and branches throughout the body.
- Cardiac output: blood pumped from the right or left ventricle per minute.
- Heart rate: number of heart contractions per minute (bpm).
- Inferior vena cava: brings blood back to the right atrium from the lower body.
- Mitral valve: valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve.
- Pulse: wave of increased pressure produced each time the ventricles contract.
- Septum: a wall dividing two cavities.
- Sinus rhythm: normal heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node.
- Sphygmomanometer: instrument for determining arterial blood pressure.
- Tricuspid valve: valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Pulse Sensation Sites
- Pulse can be felt where an artery runs close to the skin's surface by applying slight pressure with two fingers.
Blood Pressure
- Measures pressure exerted against vessel walls.
- Systolic: highest pressure during ventricular contraction.
- Diastolic: lowest pressure when ventricles are relaxed.
- Normal blood pressure: equal to or less than 120/80 mmHg.
Cardiovascular Specialties
- Cardiology: study of the disorders of the heart.
- Cardiologist: specializes in disorders of the heart.
- Cardiac surgeon: performs major procedures on the heart and vessels.
- Electrophysiologist: studies electrical phenomena/biological function, works with body's electrical and biological functions. Electrical impulses of the heart.
Diagnostic Studies
- Doppler echocardiography: evaluates blood flow patterns; records them.
- Doppler ultrasonography: uses ultrasound imaging to look at structures and blood flow of the beating heart.
- Echocardiography (ECG): records movement/structure of the heart noninvasively.
Procedures
- Cardiac catheterization: catheter introduced through an incision into a vein that guides circulation to the heart.
- Tomography: sectional imaging to produces detailed films of tissues and organs.
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): emergency procedure involving external cardiac massage and artificial respiration.
- Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG): open heart surgery to bypass a blockage, a vein is grafted into a coronary artery
- Thoracotomy: surgical opening into the thoracic cavity.
- Thoracentesis: chest wall/pleural space are punctured to aspirate fluid.
- Transplantation: transfer of heart muscle from donor to recipient.
Cardiovascular Disorders
- Angiopathy: disease of blood vessels.
- Angina pectoris: thoracic pain caused by spasms in coronary arteries due to not enough oxygen getting to the heart.
- Atherosclerosis: build-up of fatty plaque/cholesterol in lining of the arteries.
- Arteriosclerosis: hardening of arteries due to calcification, thickening, and loss of elasticity.
- Arrhythmia: irregular heart rhythm.
- Bradycardia: heart rate less than 60 beats per minute.
- Cardiac arrest: sudden stoppage of cardiac circulation and output.
- Cardiogenic shock: inadequate blood flow to the body due to cardiac dysfunction.
- Cardiomyopathy: disease of the heart muscle causing enlargement.
- Congestive heart failure (CHF): fluid accumulation due to impaired cardiac output causing heart unable to meet the bodies needs..
- Endocarditis: inflammation of the endocardium and heart valves.
- Hemostasis: prevention/stopping bleeding via coagulation/mechanical or chemical means.
- Hypertension (HT): elevated blood pressure.
- Hypotension: low blood pressure or inadequate pressure.
- Myocardial infarction (MI): necrosis of cardiac muscle due to obstructed coronary artery.
- Pericarditis: inflammation of the pericardium.
- Tachycardia: heart beats >100 bpm.
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Description
Overview of the cardiovascular system, its components, and functions. Focus on the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood. The cardiovascular system, crucial for transporting blood, supplies cells with oxygen and nutrients while removing waste.
