Cardiovascular Physiology: Edema and Dehydration Lecture 4

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What is the primary cause of lymphedema?

Excess fluid in the body

Blockage of blood vessels

Infection by parasitic worms

Damage to lymph nodes or tissues (correct)

What is the main symptom of pulmonary edema?

Difficulty breathing

Rapid heartbeat

Coughing up foamy sputum

All of the above (correct)

What is the cause of cerebral edema?

Head injury

Blood vessel blockage or rupture

Tumor or allergic reaction

All of the above (correct)

Where does macular edema occur?

In the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of macular edema?

Damage to blood vessels in the retina Signup and view all the answers

Which type of edema is associated with cardiac and renal failure?

Pulmonary edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of intracellular edema?

Inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with intracellular edema?

Excessive fluid in the extracellular fluid compartment Signup and view all the answers

What happens when intracellular edema becomes severe?

It can lead to tissue death Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is intracellular edema likely to occur?

Inflamed tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism that leads to intracellular edema?

Depression of cell membrane ionic pumps Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about intracellular edema is correct?

It can increase the intracellular volume of a tissue area to 2-3 times normal Signup and view all the answers

How can intracellular volume be calculated?

As the difference between total body water and extracellular volume Signup and view all the answers

What is required to measure plasma volume?

A substance that remains in the vascular system after injection Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes dehydration?

A decrease in total body water content Signup and view all the answers

What is hypertonic dehydration?

Depletion in total body water due to pathologic fluid losses Signup and view all the answers

How can interstitial fluid volume be calculated?

As the difference between extracellular fluid volume and plasma volume Signup and view all the answers

Why can't intracellular volume be measured directly?

Due to difficulties in accessing intracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of inflammation-induced edema?

Increased cell membrane permeability allowing ions and water to enter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of extracellular edema?

Both excessive capillary filtration and impaired lymphatic drainage Signup and view all the answers

What happens when plasma proteins leak into the interstitium during edema?

It increases the colloid osmotic pressure, drawing more fluid out of capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Which type of edema typically affects the legs, feet, and ankles?

Peripheral edema Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by fluid accumulation specifically in the feet and lower legs?

Pedal edema Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical manifestation of edema in soft tissues?

Swelling of the affected area with increased size and tightness of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of dehydration and related deaths?

Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

What can prevent the large intestine from absorbing water from food matter, leading to dehydration?

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is common in mild to moderate dehydration?

Pale and dry skin Signup and view all the answers

What effect can severe dehydration have on urine formation?

Darker yellow color than usual Signup and view all the answers

What can cause frequent urination, aside from uncontrolled diabetes?

Alcohol and medications Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of very severe dehydration?

Damage of organs like brain, liver, and kidneys Signup and view all the answers