30 Questions
What is the primary cause of lymphedema?
Damage to lymph nodes or tissues
What is the main symptom of pulmonary edema?
All of the above
What is the cause of cerebral edema?
All of the above
Where does macular edema occur?
In the eye
What is the main cause of macular edema?
Damage to blood vessels in the retina
Which type of edema is associated with cardiac and renal failure?
Pulmonary edema
What is the primary cause of intracellular edema?
Inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with intracellular edema?
Excessive fluid in the extracellular fluid compartment
What happens when intracellular edema becomes severe?
It can lead to tissue death
In which condition is intracellular edema likely to occur?
Inflamed tissues
What is the primary mechanism that leads to intracellular edema?
Depression of cell membrane ionic pumps
Which of the following statements about intracellular edema is correct?
It can increase the intracellular volume of a tissue area to 2-3 times normal
How can intracellular volume be calculated?
As the difference between total body water and extracellular volume
What is required to measure plasma volume?
A substance that remains in the vascular system after injection
What characterizes dehydration?
A decrease in total body water content
What is hypertonic dehydration?
Depletion in total body water due to pathologic fluid losses
How can interstitial fluid volume be calculated?
As the difference between extracellular fluid volume and plasma volume
Why can't intracellular volume be measured directly?
Due to difficulties in accessing intracellular fluid
What is the primary cause of inflammation-induced edema?
Increased cell membrane permeability allowing ions and water to enter cells
What is the main cause of extracellular edema?
Both excessive capillary filtration and impaired lymphatic drainage
What happens when plasma proteins leak into the interstitium during edema?
It increases the colloid osmotic pressure, drawing more fluid out of capillaries
Which type of edema typically affects the legs, feet, and ankles?
Peripheral edema
Which condition is characterized by fluid accumulation specifically in the feet and lower legs?
Pedal edema
What is a common physical manifestation of edema in soft tissues?
Swelling of the affected area with increased size and tightness of the skin
What is a common cause of dehydration and related deaths?
Diabetes
What can prevent the large intestine from absorbing water from food matter, leading to dehydration?
Diarrhea
Which symptom is common in mild to moderate dehydration?
Pale and dry skin
What effect can severe dehydration have on urine formation?
Darker yellow color than usual
What can cause frequent urination, aside from uncontrolled diabetes?
Alcohol and medications
What is a possible consequence of very severe dehydration?
Damage of organs like brain, liver, and kidneys
Learn about the abnormalities in fluid balance induced by different pathological conditions, leading to Edema or Dehydration. Understand the disturbance in water balance, excess fluid in body tissues, and the involvement of extracellular fluid compartment in edema.
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