Cardiovascular Physiology Chapter 18 Quiz: Heart General Information
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system?

  • Sensory perception
  • Transportation of gases, nutrients, and waste (correct)
  • Respiration
  • Digestion

    • Where are the papillary muscles located in the heart?

  • In the myocardium
  • In the ventricles (correct)
  • In the atria
  • In the coronary arteries

    • Which layer of the heart covers the outer surface of the heart?

  • Endocardium
  • Myocardium
  • Epicardium (correct)
  • Intercalated discs

    • Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

    <p>Coronary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the anterior part of the heart?

    <p>Anterior interventricular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pacemaker cells in the heart?

    <p>Spontaneously depolarize to initiate heart contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe chest pain that occurs due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle?

    <p>'Angina pectoris'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of cardiac myocytes?

    <p>'Branched'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Releases calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of calcium come from during muscle contraction?

    <p>Sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precedes ventricular ejection in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Ventricular filling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves all heart chambers in a state of relaxation?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the heart initiates the cardiac electrical impulse?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for conducting the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles?

    <p>AV bundle (Bundle of His)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the U wave in an electrocardiogram?

    <p>Atrial repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate Stroke Volume?

    <p>End Diastolic Volume - End Systolic Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects Stroke Volume by altering the length of muscle fibers?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased contractility on Stroke Volume?

    <p>Increases Stroke Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences Stroke Volume by controlling Heart Rate?

    <p>Parasympathetic Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the embryology of the heart, what structure forms the 4 chambers?

    <p>Endocardial tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with Tachycardia?

    <p>Congestive Heart Failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Foramen Ovale' is an adaptation in the fetal heart that is associated with:

    <p><strong>Umbilical arteries and vein</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Catecholamines (NE & Epi) act on which type of receptors to influence Stroke Volume?'

    <p><strong>β1- adrenergic receptors</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    During muscle contraction, what triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Extracellular calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cardiac cycle, what occurs during ventricular ejection phase?

    <p>Ventricular contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart is responsible for conducting the electrical signal from the atria to the ventricles?

    <p>AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cardioaccelerator center located in the medulla oblongata?

    <p>Increase heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle involves all heart chambers in a state of relaxation?

    <p>Diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of extracellular calcium enters cardiac cells through slow calcium channels?

    <p>10-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial event that leads to atrial depolarization in the cardiac cycle?

    <p>SA node firing action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in the heart is known for its autorhythmicity and unstable resting potential?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for Cardiac Output?

    <p>CO = HR x SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects Stroke Volume by altering contractility?

    <p>Sympathetic Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole?

    <p>End Diastolic Volume (EDV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT associated with factors influencing Stroke Volume?

    <p>Congestive Heart Failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases calcium permeability in the heart muscle cells?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of the cardiac cycle involves both atrial and ventricular relaxation?

    <p>Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects Stroke Volume by regulating the length of muscle fibers in the heart?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure plays a role in fetal heart adaptations by diverting blood away from the pulmonary circulation?

    <p><strong>Ductus Arteriosus</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

    <p>Bicuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

    <p>Prevent valve prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the heart wall are the coronary arteries located?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies blood to the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart?

    <p>Right marginal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to chest pain or discomfort caused by an insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle?

    <p>Angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of intercalated discs in cardiac myocytes?

    <p>Facilitate communication between adjacent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of cardiac myocytes in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Contract to pump blood throughout the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the cardiac cycle, what immediately follows atrial depolarization?

    <p>Conduction through AV node and AV bundle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of extracellular calcium enters cardiac cells through slow calcium channels?

    <p>0-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure plays a role in fetal heart adaptations by diverting blood away from the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Foramen Ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting Stroke Volume by regulating contractility?

    <p>Catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

    <p>Preventing backflow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure plays a role in fetal heart adaptations by diverting blood away from the pulmonary circulation?

    <p>Ductus Arteriosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences Stroke Volume by controlling Heart Rate?

    <p>Chronotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of calcium come from during muscle contraction?

    <p>Sarcoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of cardiac myocytes?

    <p>Highly contractile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Noncontractile cardiac Cells?

    <p>Low conduction rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone decreases calcium permeability in heart muscle cells?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased contractility on Stroke Volume?

    <p>Increases Stroke Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Pacemaker potential' refers to:

    <p>'Spontaneous' depolarization in autorhythmic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the ventricular ejection phase of the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Ventricular volume decreases due to blood ejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Foramen Ovale' is an adaptation in the fetal heart that allows blood to flow between which two structures?

    <p>Right atrium and left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

    <p>To prevent backflow of blood in the heart chambers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the papillary muscles located in the heart?

    <p>Attached to the cusps of atrioventricular valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences Stroke Volume by controlling Heart Rate?

    <p>Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of the cardiac cycle involves both atrial and ventricular contraction?

    <p>Atrial systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the majority of calcium come from during muscle contraction?

    <p>Stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a condition characterized by an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in the heart muscle?

    <p>Angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

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