Podcast
Questions and Answers
During the cardiac cycle, which phase involves ventricular relaxation?
During the cardiac cycle, which phase involves ventricular relaxation?
- Ventricular ejection
- Diastole (correct)
- Isovolumetric contraction
- Ventricular filling
What percentage of extracellular calcium enters the cell through slow calcium channels?
What percentage of extracellular calcium enters the cell through slow calcium channels?
- 80-90%
- 10-20% (correct)
- About 50%
- 1%
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
- Produce new muscle fibers
- Release neurotransmitters
- Store calcium (correct)
- Generate ATP
Which part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system is responsible for initiating the heartbeat?
Which part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system is responsible for initiating the heartbeat?
What event marks the beginning of ventricular contraction in the cardiac cycle?
What event marks the beginning of ventricular contraction in the cardiac cycle?
Which part of the heart's extrinsic innervation system is associated with speeding up heart rate?
Which part of the heart's extrinsic innervation system is associated with speeding up heart rate?
What is the function of the myocardium?
What is the function of the myocardium?
Which structure in the heart is responsible for the spontaneous depolarization?
Which structure in the heart is responsible for the spontaneous depolarization?
Where is the fibrous pericardium located?
Where is the fibrous pericardium located?
What is the main function of the serous pericardium?
What is the main function of the serous pericardium?
Which artery supplies blood to the anterior part of the heart?
Which artery supplies blood to the anterior part of the heart?
What characterizes cardiac myocytes?
What characterizes cardiac myocytes?
Which factor affects stroke volume by influencing the length of muscle fibers?
Which factor affects stroke volume by influencing the length of muscle fibers?
What effect does increased contractility have on stroke volume?
What effect does increased contractility have on stroke volume?
Which neurotransmitter, through parasympathetic control, increases K+ channels permeability and decreases Ca2+ permeability?
Which neurotransmitter, through parasympathetic control, increases K+ channels permeability and decreases Ca2+ permeability?
Which receptors are activated by catecholamines (NE & Epi) to increase Na+ and Ca2+ permeability?
Which receptors are activated by catecholamines (NE & Epi) to increase Na+ and Ca2+ permeability?
Which structures form after the endocardial tubes during embryology of the heart?
Which structures form after the endocardial tubes during embryology of the heart?
Which condition results from congestive heart failure?
Which condition results from congestive heart failure?
What adaptation in the fetal heart allows blood to bypass the non-functional lungs?
What adaptation in the fetal heart allows blood to bypass the non-functional lungs?
Which heart rate condition involves an abnormally fast heart rate?
Which heart rate condition involves an abnormally fast heart rate?
During the cardiac cycle, ventricular contraction follows ventricular repolarization.
During the cardiac cycle, ventricular contraction follows ventricular repolarization.
About 10-20% of extracellular calcium enters the cell through fast sodium channels.
About 10-20% of extracellular calcium enters the cell through fast sodium channels.
The SA node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat in the heart's intrinsic conduction system.
The SA node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat in the heart's intrinsic conduction system.
The Cardioaccelerator center is associated with slowing down heart rate.
The Cardioaccelerator center is associated with slowing down heart rate.
The U wave is a common wave observed in a normal EKG.
The U wave is a common wave observed in a normal EKG.
Ventricular ejection occurs during the systole phase of the cardiac cycle.
Ventricular ejection occurs during the systole phase of the cardiac cycle.
The fibrous pericardium is located within the mediastinum.
The fibrous pericardium is located within the mediastinum.
The myocardium is the innermost layer of the heart.
The myocardium is the innermost layer of the heart.
Angina pectoris is a condition caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery.
Angina pectoris is a condition caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery.
The great cardiac vein drains into the coronary sinus.
The great cardiac vein drains into the coronary sinus.
Cardiac myocytes are characterized by their smooth appearance without striations.
Cardiac myocytes are characterized by their smooth appearance without striations.
Coronary circulation is responsible for delivering deoxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
Coronary circulation is responsible for delivering deoxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
The Frank-Starling Law of the heart states that as the preload increases, the stroke volume decreases.
The Frank-Starling Law of the heart states that as the preload increases, the stroke volume decreases.
Decreased contractility can lead to an increase in stroke volume.
Decreased contractility can lead to an increase in stroke volume.
Parasympathetic control of heart rate involves an increase in K+ channels permeability and a decrease in Ca2+ permeability.
Parasympathetic control of heart rate involves an increase in K+ channels permeability and a decrease in Ca2+ permeability.
Sympathetic control of heart rate involves activation of β1-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased permeability to Na+ and Ca2+.
Sympathetic control of heart rate involves activation of β1-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased permeability to Na+ and Ca2+.
The foramen ovale is a fetal adaptation that allows blood to bypass the liver.
The foramen ovale is a fetal adaptation that allows blood to bypass the liver.
Congestive Heart Failure is characterized by the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
Congestive Heart Failure is characterized by the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
Coronary atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by low blood pressure.
Coronary atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by low blood pressure.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disorder where the heart's main pumping chamber becomes stiff and unable to fill properly.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disorder where the heart's main pumping chamber becomes stiff and unable to fill properly.
What triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
What triggers the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
Which part of the cardiac cycle follows ventricular repolarization?
Which part of the cardiac cycle follows ventricular repolarization?
What is the function of the Cardioaccelerator center in the extrinsic innervation of the heart?
What is the function of the Cardioaccelerator center in the extrinsic innervation of the heart?
What characterizes autorhythmic cells in the heart's intrinsic conduction system?
What characterizes autorhythmic cells in the heart's intrinsic conduction system?
Which part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system is responsible for initiating the heartbeat?
Which part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system is responsible for initiating the heartbeat?
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?
Describe the characteristics of cardiac myocytes.
Describe the characteristics of cardiac myocytes.
What is the function of the serous pericardium?
What is the function of the serous pericardium?
Explain the physiological role of pacemaker cells in the heart.
Explain the physiological role of pacemaker cells in the heart.
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
Describe the blood flow in the coronary circulation system.
Describe the blood flow in the coronary circulation system.
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
Explain the role of the Frank-Starling Law of the heart in regulating stroke volume.
Explain the role of the Frank-Starling Law of the heart in regulating stroke volume.
What are the two major components of the cardiac output formula and how do they interrelate?
What are the two major components of the cardiac output formula and how do they interrelate?
How does increased contractility affect stroke volume?
How does increased contractility affect stroke volume?
Describe the adaptations in the fetal heart that allow blood to bypass the non-functional lungs.
Describe the adaptations in the fetal heart that allow blood to bypass the non-functional lungs.
What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in parasympathetic control of heart rate and how does it affect ion permeability?
What is the primary neurotransmitter involved in parasympathetic control of heart rate and how does it affect ion permeability?
Explain the role of the Cardioaccelerator center in regulating heart rate.
Explain the role of the Cardioaccelerator center in regulating heart rate.
What is the main characteristic of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
What is the main characteristic of Dilated Cardiomyopathy?
How does coronary atherosclerosis impact heart function?
How does coronary atherosclerosis impact heart function?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ______
Sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ______
Extracellular calcium triggers the release of calcium from the ______
Extracellular calcium triggers the release of calcium from the ______
About 1% of the cardiac fibers are ______
About 1% of the cardiac fibers are ______
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation occurs during the __________ of the Cardiac Cycle
Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation occurs during the __________ of the Cardiac Cycle
During the cardiac cycle, ventricular contraction follows ventricular ______
During the cardiac cycle, ventricular contraction follows ventricular ______
The difference between End Diastolic Volume and End Systolic Volume is the _________ Volume
The difference between End Diastolic Volume and End Systolic Volume is the _________ Volume
Factors affecting Stroke Volume include the length of muscle fibers and __________
Factors affecting Stroke Volume include the length of muscle fibers and __________
The SA node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat in the heart's intrinsic ______ system
The SA node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat in the heart's intrinsic ______ system
The Cardioaccelerator center is associated with ______ up heart rate
The Cardioaccelerator center is associated with ______ up heart rate
Increased contractility leads to __________ stroke volume
Increased contractility leads to __________ stroke volume
Parasympathetic Control of heart rate involves the release of __________
Parasympathetic Control of heart rate involves the release of __________
Sympathetic Control of heart rate involves activation of β1- adrenergic receptors and the release of __________
Sympathetic Control of heart rate involves activation of β1- adrenergic receptors and the release of __________
The 4 chambers of the heart (Sinus venosus, Atrium, Ventricle, Bulbis cordis) form during __________ of heart development
The 4 chambers of the heart (Sinus venosus, Atrium, Ventricle, Bulbis cordis) form during __________ of heart development
Congestive Heart Failure can be caused by multiple myocardial infarctions and __________ cardiomyopathy
Congestive Heart Failure can be caused by multiple myocardial infarctions and __________ cardiomyopathy
The left coronary artery branches into the anterior interventricular artery and the ______________ artery
The left coronary artery branches into the anterior interventricular artery and the ______________ artery
Coronary veins drain into the _____________
Coronary veins drain into the _____________
Cardiac myocytes are characterized by being ____________ and striated
Cardiac myocytes are characterized by being ____________ and striated
Pacemaker cells in the heart are known for their ____________ depolarization
Pacemaker cells in the heart are known for their ____________ depolarization
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disorder where the heart's main pumping chamber becomes stiff and unable to ____________ properly
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disorder where the heart's main pumping chamber becomes stiff and unable to ____________ properly
Angina pectoris is a condition characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the ____________
Angina pectoris is a condition characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the ____________
