Questions and Answers
What does 'hemostasis' mean?
The stopping of blood flow.
Hemostasis is achieved only when a blood clot is formed.
True
Which of the following factors are involved in the process of hemostasis?
What is the role of fibrinogen in hemostasis?
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What is the main action of anticoagulants?
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Heparin Sodium is an anticoagulant derived from the liver.
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What does Enoxaparin Sodium belong to?
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What antidote can be used for heparin overdose?
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Warfarin Sodium inhibits the synthesis of coagulation Factors II, VII, IX, and X.
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What does 'hemostasis' mean?
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The process of clot removal is called fibrinolysis.
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What is the function of fibrin in hemostasis?
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Which of the following is a class of anticoagulants?
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What is the primary mechanism of action for Heparin Sodium?
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What is the normal range for aPTT?
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What is the antidote for Heparin?
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What does 'coagulation' refer to?
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Anticoagulants are drugs used to prolong ______.
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What category does Enoxaparin Sodium belong to?
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Study Notes
Hemostasis
- Hemostasis refers to blood flow stoppage, crucial for protecting the body from injuries.
- It is achieved through the formation of a blood clot, preventing excessive hemorrhage.
- The process involves multiple clotting factors activated in a sequential manner.
Basic Steps in Hemostasis
- Coagulation, or clotting, converts blood from liquid to gel, forming a blood clot.
- The Coagulation Cascade involves successive steps activated by bleeding due to tissue injury.
- The Intrinsic Pathway is initiated in response to direct injury.
- The Extrinsic Pathway is activated when blood escapes a vessel and enters surrounding tissues.
- Fibrinogen (clotting factor I) transforms into fibrin, binding platelets and plasma proteins into a hemostatic plug.
- Prothrombin (clotting factor II) activates thrombin, essential for coagulation.
Anticoagulants
- Anticoagulants are medications that prolong bleeding time to prevent thrombi formation.
- They impart a negative charge to platelets, inhibiting aggregation.
- Clot removal is termed fibrinolysis.
Heparin Sodium
- An indirect thrombin inhibitor, heparin enhances antithrombin III action, inactivating thrombin and other procoagulant enzymes.
- Administered via IV, it rapidly inhibits fibrin clot formation.
- Unfractionated heparin differs from low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), which are modified forms.
- LMWHs provide more stable responses, requiring fewer follow-up lab tests.
Enoxaparin Sodium
- A type of low-molecular-weight heparin with a similar mechanism to heparin but more specific to active Factor X.
- Its duration of action is longer (2-4 times) compared to heparin.
- Preferred for various clotting disorders and preventive measures against DVT post-surgery.
Nursing Interventions for Heparin Sodium
- Monitor activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet counts.
- Subcutaneous injections should be given in the abdomen using a 25-28 G needle at a 90º angle; do not aspirate or massage post-injection.
- Intramuscular administration is contraindicated due to bleeding risks.
- Antidote for heparin overdose is Protamine Sulfate.
- The normal aPTT range is 20 to 40 seconds; therapeutic levels should be 1.5 to 2.5 times this value during continuous infusion therapy.
Warfarin Sodium
- Functions by inhibiting hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X.
- Anticoagulant effects may take several days to peak.
- Warfarin prolongs clotting time, notably affecting prothrombin time (PT) and the International Normalized Ratio (INR).
Hemostasis
- Hemostasis refers to blood flow stoppage, crucial for protecting the body from injuries.
- It is achieved through the formation of a blood clot, preventing excessive hemorrhage.
- The process involves multiple clotting factors activated in a sequential manner.
Basic Steps in Hemostasis
- Coagulation, or clotting, converts blood from liquid to gel, forming a blood clot.
- The Coagulation Cascade involves successive steps activated by bleeding due to tissue injury.
- The Intrinsic Pathway is initiated in response to direct injury.
- The Extrinsic Pathway is activated when blood escapes a vessel and enters surrounding tissues.
- Fibrinogen (clotting factor I) transforms into fibrin, binding platelets and plasma proteins into a hemostatic plug.
- Prothrombin (clotting factor II) activates thrombin, essential for coagulation.
Anticoagulants
- Anticoagulants are medications that prolong bleeding time to prevent thrombi formation.
- They impart a negative charge to platelets, inhibiting aggregation.
- Clot removal is termed fibrinolysis.
Heparin Sodium
- An indirect thrombin inhibitor, heparin enhances antithrombin III action, inactivating thrombin and other procoagulant enzymes.
- Administered via IV, it rapidly inhibits fibrin clot formation.
- Unfractionated heparin differs from low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH), which are modified forms.
- LMWHs provide more stable responses, requiring fewer follow-up lab tests.
Enoxaparin Sodium
- A type of low-molecular-weight heparin with a similar mechanism to heparin but more specific to active Factor X.
- Its duration of action is longer (2-4 times) compared to heparin.
- Preferred for various clotting disorders and preventive measures against DVT post-surgery.
Nursing Interventions for Heparin Sodium
- Monitor activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet counts.
- Subcutaneous injections should be given in the abdomen using a 25-28 G needle at a 90º angle; do not aspirate or massage post-injection.
- Intramuscular administration is contraindicated due to bleeding risks.
- Antidote for heparin overdose is Protamine Sulfate.
- The normal aPTT range is 20 to 40 seconds; therapeutic levels should be 1.5 to 2.5 times this value during continuous infusion therapy.
Warfarin Sodium
- Functions by inhibiting hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X.
- Anticoagulant effects may take several days to peak.
- Warfarin prolongs clotting time, notably affecting prothrombin time (PT) and the International Normalized Ratio (INR).
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Description
This quiz covers crucial information about cardiovascular medications and the process of hemostasis. It explains how blood flow is stopped and the essential function of clotting factors in preventing excessive hemorrhage. Test your knowledge on these vital concepts in the management of cardiovascular health.
