Cardiovascular Health Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal range for heart rate in beats per minute?

  • 80-120 bpm
  • 100-140 bpm
  • 40-60 bpm
  • 60-100 bpm (correct)

    • What does diastolic pressure represent?

  • Blood pressure when ventricles are relaxed (correct)
  • The average pressure in the arteries over one cardiac cycle
  • Maximum pressure in the arteries
  • Pressure during ventricular contraction

    • Which of the following is NOT a consequence of atherosclerosis?

  • Increased blood flow to the heart (correct)
  • Risk of blood clot formation
  • Angina production
  • Reduced blood supply

    • What is the primary characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Pancreas cannot produce insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can physical activity affect cardiovascular diseases?

    <p>It improves heart function and reduces inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct measurement for normal blood pressure?

    <p>120/80 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition describes chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart?

    <p>Angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle change is NOT recommended for managing cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Ignore stress management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between physical activity and the risk of disease and premature death?

    <p>Inversely proportional - as physical activity increases, risk decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which guideline corresponds to adult physical activity recommendations for substantial health benefits?

    <p>150-300 minutes of moderate activity per week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT considered a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Family history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym FITT stand for in the context of exercise planning?

    <p>Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes sarcopenia?

    <p>Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function with aging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hours per day are children recommended to engage in active play?

    <p>3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are facultative aging factors?

    <p>Environmental and lifestyle factors influencing aging that can be controlled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition characterized by the body not producing enough insulin?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT associated with the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>High physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a glucose tolerance test commonly performed?

    <p>After 8 hours of fasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for the production and release of insulin?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by a set of risk factors including increased blood pressure and high blood sugar?

    <p>Metabolic Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

    <p>Age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased physical activity have on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

    <p>Improves quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for a fetus if the mother has gestational diabetes?

    <p>Increased risk of developing diabetes later</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for colon cancer?

    <p>Age &gt; 50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can lead to an increased risk of prostate cancer?

    <p>Family history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is cancer primarily prevented?

    <p>Avoiding smoking and maintaining a healthy lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term metastasis refer to in cancer biology?

    <p>The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer?

    <p>Asbestos exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic factors are linked to a higher likelihood of developing skin cancer?

    <p>Exposure to UV light and tanning beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common side effects of cancer treatment?

    <p>Fatigue and nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors contribute to the increased mortality rate in individuals aged 65 and older with cancer?

    <p>Higher rates of comorbid diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Risk Factors

    • Modifiable risk factors include diet, lifestyle, and smoking
    • Non-modifiable risk factors include genetics and gender

    Physical Activity and Disease

    • Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of premature death and helps prevent diseases
    • There is an inverse relationship between PA and disease risk. Increased PA leads to decreased disease risk

    Physical Activity and Exercise

    • Not all exercise is physical activity
    • Physical activity encompasses all movement, while exercise is a subset of structured physical activity

    Benefits of Physical Activity

    • Strengthens muscles
    • Reduces disease risk

    Physical Activity Guidelines

    • Adults: 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise per week
    • Children: 3 hours of active play per day
    • Adolescents: 1 hour of physical activity per day plus 3 muscle-strengthening sessions per week

    Principles of Exercise and Fitness

    • FITT principle: Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type

    Aging

    • Mandatory aging: Physiological processes over which we have no control (deterioration)
    • Facultative aging: Factors contributing to cell death over which we have control

    Sarcopenia

    • Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function associated with aging

    Cardiovascular Diseases

    • Diseases affecting the heart and blood vessels

    Leading Causes of Death in US

    • Cardiovascular disease

    Non-Modifiable CVD Risk Factors

    • Higher age
    • Male gender
    • Family history
    • Certain ethnicities

    Modifiable CVD Risk Factors

    • High blood pressure
    • High cholesterol
    • Tobacco use
    • Diabetes
    • Unhealthy diet
    • Obesity
    • High stress

    Cardiovascular System Components

    • Heart
    • Blood
    • Blood vessels (arteries and veins)

    Cardiovascular System Function

    • Delivers oxygen and nutrients
    • Removes carbon dioxide and waste products

    Heart Rate

    • Normal heart rate: 60-100 bpm
    • Tachycardia: >100 bpm
    • Bradycardia: <60 bpm

    Slower Heart Rate Benefits

    • Heart works less hard, potentially lasting longer

    Blood Pressure

    • Blood pressure: Force of blood against arterial walls
    • Systolic blood pressure: Measured during ventricular contraction
    • Diastolic blood pressure: Measured when ventricles relax (lowest pressure)
    • Normal blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg

    Effects of Physical Activity on CVD

    • Improves heart function
    • Lowers blood pressure
    • Improves cholesterol
    • Boosts blood vessel health
    • Reduces inflammation
    • Aids in weight management

    Atherosclerosis

    • Condition where fatty deposits (plaque) build up in artery walls

    Arteriosclerosis Consequences

    • Reduced blood flow
    • Risk of blood clots
    • Angina
    • Heart attack

    Angina

    • Chest pain due to reduced blood flow/oxygen to the heart

    Peripheral Artery Disease

    • Lack of blood supply to extremities
    • Sign of advanced vascular disease

    CVD Management

    • Diet
    • No tobacco use
    • Stress management
    • Increased physical activity

    Type 1 Diabetes

    • Autoimmune disease
    • Pancreas cannot produce insulin

    Type 2 Diabetes

    • High blood glucose due to impaired insulin utilization and decreased compensation
    • Often associated with obesity

    Insulin Deficiency

    • Body does not produce enough insulin

    Causes of Both Types of Diabetes

    • Hyperglycemia (High blood sugar)
    • High blood pressure

    Diabetes Testing

    • Fasting blood glucose test
    • A1C test
    • Glucose tolerance test

    Diabetes Risk Factors

    • Family history
    • Obesity
    • Inactivity/sedentary lifestyle
    • Ethnicity (e.g., African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanics, some Asian Americans)
    • Women with a history of gestational diabetes, PCOS, or large baby size
    • Prediabetes or metabolic syndrome

    Gestational Diabetes Effect on Fetus

    • Baby's pancreas produces extra insulin
    • Baby gets more energy than needed, leading to fat storage
    • Higher risk of diabetes in the baby

    Metabolic Syndrome

    • Group of conditions increasing risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes

    Chronic Kidney Disease Effects

    • Progressive damage to kidneys
    • Fluid buildup
    • Electrolyte problems

    Modifiable CKD Risk Factors

    • Diabetes
    • Sodium intake
    • High blood pressure
    • Smoking
    • Obesity

    Non-Modifiable CKD Risk Factors

    • Age
    • Ethnicity
    • Genetics

    Effects of PA on CKD

    • Improves quality of health

    Kidney Function

    • Filters waste (urea, water, salt, proteins)
    • Creates hormones
    • Regulates blood pressure
    • Produces red blood cells

    Diagnosing Kidney Disease

    • Blood tests
    • Urine tests
    • Imaging
    • Biopsy

    Hyperkalemia

    • Too much potassium in the blood

    Cancer

    • Abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
    • Can be inherited genetically or due to environmental factors

    Types of Cancer

    • Breast
    • Colorectal
    • Kidney
    • Stomach
    • Lung

    Cancer Spread

    • Metastasis

    Colon Cancer Risk Factors

    • Age > 50
    • Family history (Crohn's or ulcerative colitis)
    • Diet (high fat, high red meat, low fruits & vegetables)
    • Ethnicity/race (e.g. blacks)
    • Smoking
    • Obesity
    • Diabetes Mellitus

    Skin Cancer Risk Factors

    • Exposure to UV sunlight
    • Tanning beds
    • Fair complexion
    • Work with tar, coal, pitch, or creosote

    Prostate Cancer Risk Factors

    • Age
    • Ancestry
    • Family history
    • Farmers

    Lung Cancer Risk Factors

    • Smoking (including second-hand smoke)
    • Radon gas (miners)
    • Asbestos
    • Metals (arsenic, nickel, chromium)

    Breast Cancer Risk Factors

    • Age > 40
    • Family history (mother, grandmother, sister)
    • Personal history
    • First pregnancy after 30

    Relationship Between Cancer Development and Age

    • 60% and 2/3 of mortality in 65+ age group
    • Comorbid diseases (having more than one disease)

    Cancer Treatment Side Effects

    • Fatigue
    • Nausea
    • Vomiting
    • Chronic pain
    • Weight fluctuations
    • Decreased immune function

    Primary Cancer Prevention

    • Healthy diet
    • Physical activity
    • Avoid chemical exposure
    • Wear sunscreen

    Secondary Cancer Prevention

    • Screening

    Tertiary Cancer Prevention

    • Treatment
    • Rehabilitation

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    HK 154 Final PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on cardiovascular health, including heart rates, blood pressure, and diabetes. This quiz covers essential concepts and recommendations for physical activity and lifestyle changes. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand the factors affecting cardiovascular diseases.

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