Cardiovascular Disorders Quiz

Cardiovascular Disorders: Symptoms & Signs

• Cardiac Diseases: Symptoms categorized as pulmonary congestive symptoms, low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS), chest pain, palpitations, systemic venous congestive symptoms, embolic manifestations, constitutional symptoms, cyanosis, and symptoms related to peripheral vascular diseases.

Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)

• Types: Exertional, positional, paroxysmal, and acute dyspnea.
• Causes (Cardiac): Heart failure (HF), valvular heart disease (VHD), congenital heart disease (CHD).
• Causes (Other): Anaemia, obesity, thyrotoxicosis, myasthenia gravis, physiological factors like exercise, pregnancy, sedentary lifestyle, and high altitude.

Cough

• Causes (Dry): Central causes (brain abscess, tumors, hemorrhage, encephalitis, meningitis), and reflex causes (laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, bronchial, alveolar, pleural, ear).
• Causes (Productive): Mucoid (chronic bronchitis), watery/frothy/blood-tinged (left-sided heart failure), mucopurulent (acute inflammatory), pyogenic (lung abscess, bronchiectasis) or red currant jelly (bronchogenic carcinoma).

Haemoptysis (Coughing up Blood)

• Causes: Chest issues (except bronchial asthma), cardiac issues (mitral stenosis, left-sided heart failure), and general causes (bleeding tendency, drugs).

Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS) Symptoms

• Symptoms related to low cardiac output, including syncope, dizziness, easy fatigability, anginal pain, and intermittent claudication.

Systemic Congestive Symptoms

• Symptoms related to right-sided heart failure, including lower limb edema (LL), ascites, right hypochondrial pain, jaundice, and dyspepsia.

Oedema of Lower Limbs (LL)

• Definition: Abnormal swelling of LL due to fluid accumulation in subcutaneous tissue.
• Classification: Bilateral (CHF, renal failure, hepatic failure, prolonged standing, pregnancy, medications, repeated tapping etc) or Unilateral (DVT, cellulitis, trauma).
• Pitting: All cases showing oedema when compressed.
• Non-pitting: Lymphedema and myxedema, don't show pitting.

Ascites

• Fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, may occur before lower limb oedema

Embolic Manifestations

• Transient episodes of arterial blockage from the heart or diseased vessels, manifesting as sudden hemiplegia, blindness, acute chest pain, abdominal pain (mesenteric occlusion), limb pain, or pain less hematuria..

Cyanosis

• Bluish discolouration of skin, lips, fingers, and toes due to reduced haemoglobin levels.

Constitutional Symptoms

• Generalized, non-specific symptoms like fever, chills, body aches, and malaise, often accompanying various cardiovascular conditions.

Chest Pain

• Causes associated with cardiovascular diseases, respiratory issues, mediastinal conditions, and chest wall issues..

Palpitations

• Awareness of heartbeats, with potential causes related to abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmias.)

Neck Veins

• Normal neck veins are not prominent or visible but may be prominent and congested in some cardiac illnesses.

Clubbing

• Proliferation of connective tissue in the nail bed, associated with diverse medical conditions, including chronic hypoxia, cyanotic heart disease, COPD, and lung fibrosis.

Cardiac Local Examination

• Methods for physical examination like inspection, percussion, palpation, and auscultation providing crucial insights into cardiovascular function.

Test your knowledge on cardiovascular disorders, including their symptoms like dyspnea and cough. This quiz covers various cardiac diseases and their manifestations, as well as causes linked to shortness of breath and coughing. Perfect for study and review in the field of cardiology.