23 Questions
What is the characteristic feature of orthopnoea?
Breathlessness on lying flat
What is the characteristic feature of exertional dyspnoea?
Comes on during exertion and subsides with rest
What causes breathlessness associated with anxiety?
Diseases of the heart and lungs
What are the common causes of chest pain apart from heart disease?
Gastrointestinal disorders
What does cough refer to in cardiovascular causes?
Explosive expiration for clearing the tracheobronchial tree
What is the main feature of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea?
Severe breathlessness upon waking from sleep and cough with white frothy sputum
What is the definition of fatigue in patients with impaired cardiovascular function?
A feeling of muscular weakness without reduction in cardiac output
What is the cause of paradoxical splitting of the 2nd heart sound?
Complete LBBB
In which condition is the 3rd heart sound commonly heard?
High cardiac output
What does a 4th heart sound typically indicate?
Diminished ventricular compliance
What is the intensity of a grade VI murmur?
Loud with thrill
What should be determined to characterize a murmur?
Intensity and timing
What is the hallmark of acute pericarditis?
Pericardial rubs
Which procedure is used for evaluating cardiac electrical activity over an extended period?
(Holter ECG) Holter ECG
Which procedure involves visualizing coronary arteries using a computed tomography scan?
(CT) Coronary angioCT
What is the purpose of Radio-frequency Ablation (RF)?
(RF) Radio-frequency Ablation
Which condition may lead to excessive blood pressure reduction in patients with hypertension or heart failure?
Excessive diuresis
What does pallor during a general examination indicate?
Anaemia
Which syndrome is associated with aortic aneurysm?
Marfan's syndrome
What does cyanosis indicate?
Poor gaseous exchange in the lungs
What does the disappearance of Korotkov sounds indicate during blood pressure measurement?
Diastolic pressure
How is the jugular venous pulse (JVP) usually measured?
Height above the sternal angle
What does a displaced apex beat suggest during palpation?
Cardiac enlargement
Test your knowledge of symptoms, signs, and investigations related to cardiovascular disease, including breathlessness (dyspnoea) and its associated conditions. Explore common causes such as heart failure, lung disease, chest wall issues, respiratory muscle problems, and anxiety.
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