Cardiovascular Disease and Health Metrics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

Heart failure (HF)

Athererosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) (correct)

Hypertension

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary health behaviors measured by the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7?

Physical activity

Body mass index

Mental health (correct)

Diet quality

What is a key component of the DASH diet?

High sugar consumption

≥ 4.5 cups of fruits and vegetables per day (correct)

Low fiber intake

≥ 7 servings of processed meats per week

Which dietary pattern has been shown to be most beneficial for cardiovascular health?

Mediterranean diet (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which food group should be limited to maintain a heart-healthy diet?

Red and processed meats (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average caloric intake suggested for a heart-healthy diet?

2000 calories (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended intake level for sodium in a heart-healthy diet?

< 1500 mg sodium/day (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is characteristic of both the DASH and Mediterranean diets?

Higher intake of fruits and vegetables (B) Signup and view all the answers

What dietary approach is recommended for overweight and obesity management?

A hypocaloric diet of 1200-1500 cal for women and 1500-1800 cal for men (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is considered ideal blood pressure for a healthy individual?

Less than 120/80 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which food is a high-potassium option that can help manage blood pressure?

Dried apricots (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended level of HDL cholesterol for women?

At least 40 mg (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of metabolic syndrome?

Decreased fasting blood glucose (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key dietary focus in secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases?

Mediterranean style eating (C) Signup and view all the answers

What describes heart failure?

Reduced ability to pump blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major source of sodium?

Bread and rolls (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

CVD encompasses heart and blood vessel conditions like coronary artery disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and heart failure.
Atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) is caused by plaque build-up in arteries.
ASCVD is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality.
A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, physical activity, and avoiding tobacco, helps prevent ASCVD.

Cardiovascular Health Metrics (Life's Simple 7)

American Heart Association's metrics to assess cardiovascular health.
Include 4 health behaviors (diet, physical activity, tobacco use, BMI), and 3 factors (blood cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose).
Significant improvement in some areas like smoking, cholesterol, and blood pressure between 1999-2000 and 2015-2016, but BMI and diabetes showed decline.

Ideal Diet (2000 Calorie DASH Diet)

Reaching 4 out of 5 criteria defines the ideal diet for 2000 calories.
Include at least 4.5 cups of fruits and vegetables daily.
Consume at least 2 servings of fish per week.
Limit daily sodium intake to less than 1500 mg.
Consume less than 36 ounces of sugar-sweetened beverages weekly.
Include 3 servings of whole grains daily

Secondary Metrics

Include more than 4 servings per week of nuts, seeds and legumes, and limiting processed meats by 2 servings per week.
Less than 7% of daily calories from saturated fat.
Saturated fats from animal sources, coconut oil, palm oil, and palm kernel oil are significant sources.

Nutrition for Cardiovascular Health

The Mediterranean and DASH diets are suitable heart health patterns, highlighting fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and fish.
Limit intake of red and processed meats, refined grains, added sugars, butter, and foods high in sodium and trans fats.

Additional Cardiovascular Risks/Considerations

Overweight and Obesity: Weight loss (even 5%) can improve blood pressure, LDL-C, triglycerides, and glucose levels.
Hypertension: Ideal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is defined as readings above 130/80. High sodium intake is a major contributor.
Hypercholesterolemia: Desirable cholesterol levels are less than 200 mg, LDL less than 100 and HDL over 40 (men) or 50 (women).
Metabolic Syndrome: A cluster of metabolic risk factors including elevated triglycerides, low HDL, elevated blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose, and central obesity.
Heart Failure: Characterized by impaired heart function, leading to dyspnea, fatigue, fluid retention, and potential malnutrition.

Dietary Considerations for Different Cultures

Soul Food: High in saturated fat and sodium, with heavy emphasis on vegetables and complex carbohydrates.
Mexican: Relies on frying and stewing with oil or lard, and high-fat meats are commonly used. Vegetarian options include fruits, rice, dried peas, and beans.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 metrics for assessing heart health. Learn about the ideal diet and lifestyle choices that can help prevent conditions such as atherosclerotic CVD. This quiz will help reinforce key concepts in maintaining cardiovascular health.