Cardiovascular Diagnosis: Interpreting CXR and ECG Results

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What does a prominent upper lobe vein indicate in a chest X-ray?

Ventricular hypertrophy

Cardiac tamponade

Congestion (correct)

Pulmonary embolism

What is the significance of a double shadow in the right cardiac border on a chest X-ray?

Enlargement of the right atrium

Thickening of the ventricular wall

Enlargement of the left atrium (correct)

Pulmonary embolism

What is the purpose of measuring the mitral valve orifice by planimetry?

To assess the severity of mitral regurgitation

To diagnose pulmonary hypertension

To detect atrial fibrillation

To determine the severity of mitral stenosis (correct)

What is the role of continuous-wave Doppler in echocardiography?

To assess the severity of mitral stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Kerley B lines on a chest X-ray?

Interstitial edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in mitral stenosis?

To detect thrombi in the left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pulse in a patient with severe stenosis?

Small volume and may be irregular Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical sign associated with compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Hoarse voice Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the apex beat in a patient with mitral stenosis?

Tapping apex beat Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for increased dyspnea in a patient with right heart failure?

Increased pulmonary hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the palpable pulmonic closure sound associated with?

Pulmonary hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the apex beat in a patient with a pliable mitral valve?

Undisplaced apex beat Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the murmur in mitral stenosis?

It is heard best at the apex with the patient in the left lateral position Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a short S2-OS interval in mitral stenosis?

It indicates severe stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the first heart sound in mitral stenosis with a heavily calcified valve?

It is inaudible Signup and view all the answers

What is the ECG finding in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension due to mitral stenosis?

Right axis deviation Signup and view all the answers

What is the auscultatory finding in pulmonary regurgitation due to pulmonary hypertension?

Early diastolic murmur at the base Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the ECG in a patient with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation?

Absent P wave and an irregular rhythm Signup and view all the answers