Cardiovascular Conditions and Rehabilitation

Cardiac Conditions

• Ischemic Heart Disease (Acute Coronary Syndrome or MI):
  • Coronary circulation during cardiac cycle:
    • Different arteries involved
    • Blood flow affected throughout the cardiac cycle
    • Blood flow through coronary arteries only fills up during diastolic phase
    • Changes in heart function affect coronary circulation's ability to supply oxygen
  • Can cause vicious cycle in pathologic conditions
• Valvular Heart Disease:
  • Structures or status of valves during cardiac cycle:
    • Whether they are open or closed in each phase
  • Differentiate between stenosis and regurgitation:
    • Narrowing of AV orifices vs dysfunction of valvular closure
• Arrhythmias:
  • Electrical activity of the heart:
    • Parts of the conducting system
    • Cardiac muscle action potential
  • Disorder of initiation or conduction of electrical impulses:
    • Sinus rhythm problems, initiation of electrical impulses, or conduction
    • Entails sinoatrial node being okay, but depolarization transfer problems to ventricles
• Heart Failure:
  • Flow of blood through the heart:
    • Back flow due to problems with heart muscle contraction
  • Altered myocardial mechanics:
    • Inability of cardiac muscles to generate pressures to eject or pump out blood
    • Ejection or systole component affected by diastole
    • Cardiac output factors:
      • Increase in blood volume and its effect on BP
      • Total peripheral resistance factors:
        • Size of blood vessel opening affects BP
      • Pressure within capillary beds:
        • Useful in discussing chronic venous insufficiency and lymphedema
        • Pressures promoting filtration or fluid reabsorption

Etiology

• Hypertension:
  • One of the big causes of heart disease, particularly ischemic heart disease or acute coronary syndrome

This quiz covers cardiac and peripheral vascular conditions, including relevant anatomy and physiology concepts, medical-surgical background, rehabilitation scenarios, and evaluation strategies.