Cardiovascular Assessment: Apical Pulsation

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What is the normal location of the point of maximum impulse (PMI) in adults?

In the 5th intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line (correct)

In the 6th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

In the 4th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

In the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

What is the normal diameter of the PMI in adults?

1 to 2 cm (correct)

2 to 3 cm

Less than 1 cm

Greater than 3 cm

What does a displaced or enlarged PMI indicate?

Enlarged or aneurysmal heart (correct)

Decreased left ventricular function

Decreased blood flow through the aorta

Normal heart size

What is the normal finding for abdominal aortic pulsations?

Normal aortic pulsations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle?

To allow the heart to relax and refill with blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal finding for the second heart sound (S2) during auscultation?

Increased intensity at the base of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for the client to be in while assessing the carotid arteries?

Upright sitting position Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a normal finding when palpating the carotid arteries?

Symmetric pulse volume Signup and view all the answers

What may increased pulsation in the carotid arteries indicate?

Arteriosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to test for calf tenderness?

Push the calves from side to side Signup and view all the answers

How should the client's leg be positioned during Homan's test to check for tenderness?

Extended Signup and view all the answers

'Swelling on one calf or leg' is listed as a deviation in assessing which area?

Peripheral perfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Hepatic Portal Veins?

Transporting nutrients absorbed from the digestive system to the liver Signup and view all the answers

Where do Renal Veins drain deoxygenated blood from?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Femoral Vein located?

Thigh Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in peripheral leg veins for signs of phlebitis?

Examining the calves for redness and swelling over vein sites Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in the areola according to the text?

Assessing size, shape, color, and any masses or lesions Signup and view all the answers

What should be inspected in the nipple according to the text?

Inspecting size, shape, position, color, discharge, and lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which position is recommended for clients with pendulous breasts during a breast examination?

Both supine and sitting positions Signup and view all the answers

When palpating the breasts, which action should be taken if the client reports a breast lump?

Start with the 'normal' breast to obtain baseline data Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques should be used to enhance breast flattening during palpation?

Asking the client to abduct the arm and place the hand behind the head, with a small pillow or rolled towel under the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be assessed when evaluating any nipple discharge?

Amount, color, consistency, and odor Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal finding during a breast examination?

No tenderness, masses, nodules, or nipple discharge Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding breast development in children is true?

Female breast development begins between 9 and 13 years of age and occurs in 5 stages (Tanner stages) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tanner stage characterized by the projection of the areola and nipple?

Stage 4 Signup and view all the answers

During early adolescence, what change might boys experience in their breast area?

Enlargement of breast tissue (gynecomastia) Signup and view all the answers

In what Tanner stage do axillary hair usually appear?

Stage 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic change in pregnant females' nipples?

Development of Montgomery's glands Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs in older adults' breasts postmenopause?

Appearance of pendulous or flaccid shape Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical change observed in pregnant females' breasts besides increased size?

Presence of colostrum secretion Signup and view all the answers