Cardiovascular Assessment: Apical Pulsation

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Questions and Answers

What is the normal location of the point of maximum impulse (PMI) in adults?

  • In the 5th intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line (correct)
  • In the 6th intercostal space at the midclavicular line
  • In the 4th intercostal space at the midclavicular line
  • In the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

What is the normal diameter of the PMI in adults?

  • 1 to 2 cm (correct)
  • 2 to 3 cm
  • Less than 1 cm
  • Greater than 3 cm

What does a displaced or enlarged PMI indicate?

  • Enlarged or aneurysmal heart (correct)
  • Decreased left ventricular function
  • Decreased blood flow through the aorta
  • Normal heart size

What is the normal finding for abdominal aortic pulsations?

<p>Normal aortic pulsations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle?

<p>To allow the heart to relax and refill with blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal finding for the second heart sound (S2) during auscultation?

<p>Increased intensity at the base of the heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for the client to be in while assessing the carotid arteries?

<p>Upright sitting position (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a normal finding when palpating the carotid arteries?

<p>Symmetric pulse volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may increased pulsation in the carotid arteries indicate?

<p>Arteriosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to test for calf tenderness?

<p>Push the calves from side to side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the client's leg be positioned during Homan's test to check for tenderness?

<p>Extended (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Swelling on one calf or leg' is listed as a deviation in assessing which area?

<p>Peripheral perfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Hepatic Portal Veins?

<p>Transporting nutrients absorbed from the digestive system to the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do Renal Veins drain deoxygenated blood from?

<p>Kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Femoral Vein located?

<p>Thigh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in peripheral leg veins for signs of phlebitis?

<p>Examining the calves for redness and swelling over vein sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in the areola according to the text?

<p>Assessing size, shape, color, and any masses or lesions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be inspected in the nipple according to the text?

<p>Inspecting size, shape, position, color, discharge, and lesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which position is recommended for clients with pendulous breasts during a breast examination?

<p>Both supine and sitting positions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When palpating the breasts, which action should be taken if the client reports a breast lump?

<p>Start with the 'normal' breast to obtain baseline data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following techniques should be used to enhance breast flattening during palpation?

<p>Asking the client to abduct the arm and place the hand behind the head, with a small pillow or rolled towel under the shoulder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be assessed when evaluating any nipple discharge?

<p>Amount, color, consistency, and odor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal finding during a breast examination?

<p>No tenderness, masses, nodules, or nipple discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding breast development in children is true?

<p>Female breast development begins between 9 and 13 years of age and occurs in 5 stages (Tanner stages) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tanner stage characterized by the projection of the areola and nipple?

<p>Stage 4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During early adolescence, what change might boys experience in their breast area?

<p>Enlargement of breast tissue (gynecomastia) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what Tanner stage do axillary hair usually appear?

<p>Stage 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic change in pregnant females' nipples?

<p>Development of Montgomery's glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs in older adults' breasts postmenopause?

<p>Appearance of pendulous or flaccid shape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical change observed in pregnant females' breasts besides increased size?

<p>Presence of colostrum secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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