26 Questions
What is the primary function of the lungs?
To perform gas exchange
What separates the lobes of the lungs?
Fissures
What type of blood is found in the pulmonary circulation?
Deoxygenated blood
What is the name of the sacs that surround the lungs?
Pleural sacs
What is the term for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood?
Pulmonary diffusion
What is the muscle that separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
What is the primary mechanism by which air flows out of the lungs during passive expiration?
Relaxation of the inspiratory muscles and elastic recoil of the lung tissue
Which muscles are involved in forced expiration?
Intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, latissimus dorsi and quadratus lumborum muscles
What is the main function of the respiratory pump?
To assist in the return of venous blood to the heart
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
12-18 breaths/minute
What stimulates the respiratory center to increase the rate and depth of respiration?
Increase in carbon dioxide concentration
What is the primary function of chemoreceptors?
To sense changes in carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion levels
What is the effect of low blood oxygen levels on respiratory rate?
Increase in respiratory rate
What is the primary function of myoglobin in the muscle?
To store oxygen
What is the effect of exercise on blood flow through the muscles?
Increase in blood flow
What is the effect of a decrease in the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity on oxygen delivery?
Decrease in oxygen delivery
What is the primary function of the pulmonary capillary network?
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood
What is the result of the contraction of the diaphragm during inspiration?
The thoracic cavity increases in volume
What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system in the lungs?
To cause bronchoconstriction
What is the relationship between the volume and pressure of a gas at a constant temperature, as described by Boyle's Law?
Volume increases, pressure decreases
What is the process that causes air to flow into the lungs during inspiration?
The difference in pressure between the atmosphere and the lungs
What is the name of the process that causes air to leave the lungs during expiration?
Expiration
What is the role of the external intercostal muscles during inspiration?
To move the ribs and sternum up and out
What is the result of having a larger thoracic cavity than normal?
The intra-alveolar pressure decreases
What is the function of the respiratory zone in the lungs?
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of breathing?
To control the dilation and constriction of the airways
This quiz covers the transportation processes involved in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including pulmonary ventilation, diffusion, and capillary exchange. It also includes information about the structure and function of the lungs.
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