Podcast
Questions and Answers
What do the iliac arteries immediately subdivide into?
What do the iliac arteries immediately subdivide into?
femoral arteries
How does a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restore blood flow?
How does a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restore blood flow?
Dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon.
What must the EMT obtain before assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin?
What must the EMT obtain before assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin?
authorization from medical control
What should you do if a cardiac arrest patient has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD) and the AED advises a shock?
What should you do if a cardiac arrest patient has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD) and the AED advises a shock?
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What should you do upon arriving to assist a 56-year-old male with altered mental status?
What should you do upon arriving to assist a 56-year-old male with altered mental status?
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In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, what does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, what does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
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What should the EMT do if a patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest?
What should the EMT do if a patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest?
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What sign is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?
What sign is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?
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The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the: ______
The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart from all of the following areas, EXCEPT the: ______
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When should the EMT use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age?
When should the EMT use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age?
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Which of the following is a major risk factor for AMI, EXCEPT?
Which of the following is a major risk factor for AMI, EXCEPT?
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Where should V1 and V2 electrodes be placed when preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG?
Where should V1 and V2 electrodes be placed when preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG?
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What should you do for a 66-year-old female with substernal chest pressure?
What should you do for a 66-year-old female with substernal chest pressure?
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What is the function of the left atrium?
What is the function of the left atrium?
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When an AED indicates no shock is advised, what does this mean?
When an AED indicates no shock is advised, what does this mean?
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Why may cardiac output decrease if the heart beats too rapidly?
Why may cardiac output decrease if the heart beats too rapidly?
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What is your initial action upon finding two off-duty EMTs performing CPR on a patient who passed out?
What is your initial action upon finding two off-duty EMTs performing CPR on a patient who passed out?
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Which of the following is LEAST important when obtaining a medical history from a patient complaining of chest discomfort?
Which of the following is LEAST important when obtaining a medical history from a patient complaining of chest discomfort?
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What should the EMT do after the AED has delivered a shock?
What should the EMT do after the AED has delivered a shock?
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What is the most common cause of sudden death following AMI?
What is the most common cause of sudden death following AMI?
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Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk?
Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk?
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At what level does the descending aorta divide into the two iliac arteries?
At what level does the descending aorta divide into the two iliac arteries?
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What should you do for a 49-year-old man with chest pressure, a nitroglycerin patch, and low blood pressure?
What should you do for a 49-year-old man with chest pressure, a nitroglycerin patch, and low blood pressure?
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What is the purpose of defibrillation?
What is the purpose of defibrillation?
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What are common side effects of nitroglycerin, EXCEPT?
What are common side effects of nitroglycerin, EXCEPT?
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Study Notes
Cardiovascular System and Emergency Management
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Iliac arteries subdivide into femoral arteries to supply blood to the lower limbs.
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Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) involves dilating the coronary artery with a balloon to restore blood flow to the heart muscle.
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Before administering nitroglycerin, EMTs must obtain authorization from medical control.
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In cases of cardiac arrest with an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD) present, the AED’s shock recommendation should be followed, followed by immediate CPR resumption.
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In an emergency involving altered mental status and a history of chest pain, initiate ventilatory assistance if the patient displays signs of respiratory distress.
Nervous System Interaction
- The parasympathetic nervous system functions to slow heart and respiratory rates, counteracting the sympathetic nervous system's alert response.
Emergency Cardiac Interventions
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When encountering a patient with an external defibrillator vest, retain the battery connection and remove the vest to facilitate effective CPR.
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Right-sided heart failure commonly presents with dependent edema, where fluid accumulates in the lower extremities.
Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology
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The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the body, except from the legs.
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Use an AED on children aged 1 month to 8 years when pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available.
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Major risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) include conditions like hypertension, but hypoglycemia is not a major risk factor.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Placement
- When obtaining a 12-lead ECG, place the V1 and V2 electrodes on either side of the sternum to accurately capture heart activity.
Patient Assessment and Treatment
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For a 66-year-old female with chest pressure and known history of hypertension and diabetes, administer oxygen and 324 mg of aspirin, and conduct further assessment.
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The left atrium functions to receive oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Cardiac Rhythm Analysis
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A no shock advised message from the AED indicates the patient is not in ventricular fibrillation, requiring no defibrillation shock.
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Rapid heart rates can reduce cardiac output due to insufficient time for the heart chambers to fully refill between contractions.
Initial Response in Emergency Situations
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Upon arrival at a scene where CPR is already being performed, the immediate action should be to check for a pulse while others continue compressions.
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Least relevant in medical history for chest discomfort is the family history of hypertension.
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After an AED shock, the protocol is to immediately resume CPR to maintain blood circulation.
Causes of Sudden Death and Vascular Anatomy
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Sudden death following an AMI is most often due to ventricular fibrillation, a severe arrhythmia.
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The saphenous vein is found inferior to the trunk of the body.
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The descending aorta divides into the iliac arteries at the level of the umbilicus.
Emergency Treatment Considerations
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For a patient with chest pressure and a nitroglycerin patch, it's crucial to remove the patch if the patient shows signs of hypotension (e.g., blood pressure 78/50 mm Hg).
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The goal of defibrillation is to halt the chaotic contraction of cardiac cells, aiming to restore normal rhythm.
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Common side effects of nitroglycerin include headaches and hypotension, but hypertension is not a typical side effect.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the cardiovascular system and emergency management techniques. This quiz covers topics such as treatment protocols following cardiac events, key anatomical structures, and the functioning of different nervous system components during emergencies. Perfect for EMTs or anyone interested in emergency cardiac care.