Cardiopulmonary Connection Key Terms

Cardiopulmonary Connection Key Terms

• Fissures: Double folds of membranes between lobes of the lungs.
• Sheep pluck: A preserved specimen that includes the heart, aorta, and lungs with a trachea.
• Diffusion: The net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration.
• Hyperventilation: Rapid or deep breathing, a response to stress, anxiety, or panic.
• Red blood cell (RBC): Cells that transport oxygen. Normal count: 4.0-5.9 x 10¹² L for men and 3.8–5.2 x 10¹² L for women.
• Total cholesterol: The total amount of cholesterol in the blood. Ideal level is below 200 mg/dL. High levels can indicate heart disease risk.
• LDL: A type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol to cells. Levels below 100 mg/dL are ideal. Higher levels indicate a risk of heart disease.
• HDL: A type of lipoprotein that removes excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transports it to the liver. Levels above 60 mg/dL are ideal. Lower levels can indicate a risk of heart disease.
• Triglycerides: Higher levels are linked with a higher risk of heart disease. Normal levels are 150 mg/dL or less.
• Empathy: Understanding and experiencing the feelings of another person.

Lung Function & Teamwork

• Pulmonary loop: The right side of the heart takes oxygen-poor blood from the body and moves it to the lungs for re-oxygenation.
• Pulmonary arteries: Transport deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.
• Pulmonary veins: Transport oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.
• Systemic loop: Once the blood is re-oxygenated, the left side of the heart moves it throughout the body, providing oxygen where needed.
• Lung Lobes: Horizontal fissure separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung. Oblique fissure separates the middle and inferior lobes of the right and superior and inferior lobes of the left lung.

Respiratory System Organs & Structures

• Upper Respiratory Tract: Nasal cavity, nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx.
• Lower Respiratory Tract: Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
• Conducting Zone: Passageway for air to enter and exit the lungs.
• Respiratory Zone: Location in the alveoli where gas exchange takes place.
• Respiration: Inhalation/inspiration (air in) and exhalation/expiration (air out). This process includes movements of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, changes in thoracic cavity volume, and changes in air pressure.

Lung Capacity: Spirometry Test

• IRV: Additional air volume inhaled with maximum effort.
• ERV: Additional air volume exhaled with maximum effort.
• VC: Total volume of air exhaled after a maximum inhale.
• TV: Air volume breathed in and out without conscious effort.
• RV: Air volume remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation; ensures lungs are not completely empty.
• TLC: Total volume of the lungs (TLC = VC + RV).
• Peak Flow: Measurement of how quickly a patient can exhale, used to diagnose asthma.
• Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1): Amount of air exhaled in one second. FEV1 of greater than 80% of predicted value is normal.
• Asthma: Disease of the lungs; symptoms include wheezing and chest tightness; controlled by medications.