3.1 Cardiopulmonary Connection Unit 3 Past Paper PDF

Name: ____________________________ Unit 3: Adventure Awaits 3.1 Cardiopulmonary Connection 3.1.4 – 3.1.7 Key Terms: 3.1.4 We Be-lung Together Fissures Double folds of membranes be...

Name: ____________________________ Unit 3: Adventure Awaits 3.1 Cardiopulmonary Connection 3.1.4 – 3.1.7 Key Terms: 3.1.4 We Be-lung Together Fissures Double folds of membranes between lobes of the lungs. Sheep pluck A preserved specimen that includes the heart with aorta and lungs with a trachea. 3.1.5 Take a Breath Diffusion The net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration. 3.1.7 Cleared to Climb Hyperventilate Rapid or deep breathing. It is a response to stress on the body usually caused by anxiety or panic. Hyperventilation is also sometimes referred to as over breathing. Red blood cell (RBC) The cells that transport oxygen around the body. A normal RBC count is 4.0–5.9 x 1012 L for men and 3.8–5.2 x 1012 L for women. Total cholesterol The total amount of cholesterol in the blood. This number can help show risk for heart disease. Ideal total cholesterol should be below 200 mg/dL. LDL A type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol to the cells. LDL Levels should be below 100 mg/dL. Higher numbers could indicate a risk of heart disease. HDL A type of lipoprotein responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the blood stream and transporting it to the liver. HDL levels should be above 60 mg/dL. Lower numbers could indicate a risk of heart disease. Triglycerides Higher levels of triglycerides are linked with a higher heart disease risk. Normal levels are 150 mg/dL or less. Empathy Understanding and experiencing the feelings of another person. Careers: Job Title Description Pulmonologist Medical physician that diagnoses and treats lung disease. Respiratory therapist Medical physician that examines patients with breathing or cardiopulmonary disorders and determines appropriate treatment plans to improve breathing. Lessons at a Glance: Heart & Lung Teamwork a) Pulmonary loop: The right side of the heart picks up the oxygen-poor blood from the body and moves it to the lungs for cleaning and re-oxygenating. b) Pulmonary arteries: Transport deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. c) Pulmonary veins: Transports oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the heart. d) Systemic loop: Once the blood is re-oxygenated, the left side of the heart moves the blood throughout the body, providing oxygen where it is needed. Lobes of the Lung Horizontal fissure separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung. Oblique fissure separates the middle and inferior lobes of the right lung superior and inferior lobes of the left lung Respiratory System Organs & Structures Upper Respiratory Tract – nostrils, nasal Conducting Zone – passageway that air cavity, pharynx, & larynx travels to enter and exit the lungs Lower Respiratory Tract – trachea, bronchi, Respiratory Zone – in the alveoli, where gas bronchioles, alveoli exchange takes place Respiration Inhalation/Inspiration Exhalation/Expiration Intercostal Up Down muscle (Contracts) (Relaxes) movement Diaphragm Down Up movement (Contracts) (Relaxes) Thoracic cavity Increase Decrease volume Thoracic cavity Decrease Increase air pressure Lung Capacity: Spirometry Test tool used to measure volume of air that your lungs breathe in and out A. IRV: the additional volume of air that can be inhaled with maximum effort after normal inspiration B. ERV: the additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation C. VC: the volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhale D. TV: the volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort E. RV: the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation; ensures lungs are never completely empty TLC: total volume of the lungs (TLC = VC + RV) Peak Flow measurement to determine how quickly a patient can exhale used to diagnose asthma Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) maximal amount of air that can forcefully be exhaled in one second FEV1 greater than 80% of predicted value is normal Asthma disease of the lungs symptoms include wheezing & chest tightness controlled by medications (rescue & control)