Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the indication of tendon xanthomas?
What is the indication of tendon xanthomas?
- Familial hyperlipidaemia (correct)
- Hypertensive heart disease
- Valvular heart disease
- Infective endocarditis
Which symptom is most closely associated with a 'frothy pink sputum'?
Which symptom is most closely associated with a 'frothy pink sputum'?
- Asthma
- Pulmonary tuberculosis
- Acute bronchitis
- Acute left heart failure (correct)
Which symptom is NOT associated with massive pulmonary embolism?
Which symptom is NOT associated with massive pulmonary embolism?
- Central chest pain
- Breathlessness
- Autonomic disturbance
- Prolonged fever (correct)
Which condition is described as sharp and catching during inspiration?
Which condition is described as sharp and catching during inspiration?
In which NYHA functional class does a patient experience marked limitation of normal activities?
In which NYHA functional class does a patient experience marked limitation of normal activities?
Which cardiac condition is associated with orthopnoea?
Which cardiac condition is associated with orthopnoea?
Crepitations in the lungs are most likely to be heard in which condition?
Crepitations in the lungs are most likely to be heard in which condition?
Which symptom does NOT suggest bronchospasm as a differential diagnosis for chest tightness?
Which symptom does NOT suggest bronchospasm as a differential diagnosis for chest tightness?
Which of the following is NOT a typical location for cardiac pain to radiate?
Which of the following is NOT a typical location for cardiac pain to radiate?
What is the primary purpose of the NYHA functional classification?
What is the primary purpose of the NYHA functional classification?
Which symptom is MOST likely to be associated with myocardial infarction?
Which symptom is MOST likely to be associated with myocardial infarction?
What is the most common cause of chest pain that persists after exercise?
What is the most common cause of chest pain that persists after exercise?
Which diagnostic test is MOST commonly used for evaluating stable angina?
Which diagnostic test is MOST commonly used for evaluating stable angina?
What is the typical onset pattern of chest pain from aortic dissection?
What is the typical onset pattern of chest pain from aortic dissection?
Which condition is often associated with cyanosis and clubbing?
Which condition is often associated with cyanosis and clubbing?
What does the presence of splinter hemorrhages suggest?
What does the presence of splinter hemorrhages suggest?
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Study Notes
Cardiac Pain
- Typical locations for cardiac pain to radiate: neck, jaw, left anterior chest (radiating laterally), upper or lower arms
- Unusual location for cardiac pain to radiate: none of the above
NYHA Functional Classification
- Number of classes: 4
- Class IV: symptoms present at rest
Chest Pain
- Condition characterized by chest pain that varies with the phase of respiration: musculoskeletal pain
- Most common cause of chest pain that persists after exercise: musculoskeletal pain
- Chest pain that is least likely to be associated with myocardial infarction: sharp, stabbing chest pain
Diagnostic Tests
- Test not typically used for evaluating stable angina: coronary angiography
- Test used to evaluate cardiac pain: resting ECG, exercise ECG, lipid profile
Acute Coronary Syndromes
- Symptom commonly associated with acute coronary syndromes: prolonged, severe chest pain
- Typical onset pattern of chest pain from myocardial infarction: sudden without preceding symptoms
Other Conditions
- Condition associated with a 'tearing' chest pain: aortic dissection
- Condition often presenting with cyanosis and clubbing: complex cyanotic congenital heart disease
- Presence of splinter hemorrhages suggests: infective endocarditis
- Tendon xanthomas are an indication of: familial hyperlipidaemia
- A 'frothy pink sputum' is a symptom most closely associated with: acute left heart failure
- Pain from pericarditis is described as: sharp and catching during inspiration
NYHA Functional Classification
- Class III: marked limitation of normal activities
- Class IV: symptoms present at rest
Cardiac Conditions
- Symptom of orthopnoea: chronic heart failure
- Crepitations in the lungs are most likely to be heard in: chronic heart failure
- Echocardiogram is not primarily used to diagnose: bronchospasm
- Cheyne–Stokes respiration is associated with: acute myocardial infarction
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