Cardiology Quiz

ECG Changes in Hypertension

• ECG changes in a hypertensive patient are not specified, but hypertension can cause left ventricular hypertrophy, which can be detected by ECG.

Management of Myocardial Infarction

• The most effective analgesic for pain associated with myocardial infarction is morphine.
• The usual symptom accused by patients in myocardial infarction is chest pain or pressure that may radiate to the arm, back, neck, jaw, or stomach.

Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome

• The ECG pattern of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome shows a short PR interval (<0.12 seconds) and a wide QRS complex (>0.12 seconds) with a slurred upstroke (delta wave).

Diagnosis of Acute Myocarditis

• The gold standard examination for diagnosis of acute myocarditis is endomyocardial biopsy.

Thrombolytic Therapy

• The absolute contraindication of thrombolytic therapy is active bleeding or a history of bleeding in the last 2 weeks.

Unstable Angina

• Unstable angina is characterized by angina at rest or minimal exertion, or new-onset angina, or increasing severity or frequency of angina.

Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)

• The ECG pattern in right bundle branch block (RBBB) shows a wide S wave in lead I and a wider QRS complex (>0.12 seconds).

Treatment of AV Block

• The treatment for AV Block type III (complete heart block) is a pacemaker.

Renal Causes of Arterial Hypertension

• A renal cause of arterial hypertension is renovascular hypertension due to renal artery stenosis.

Risk Factors for Thrombophlebitis

• A risk factor for thrombophlebitis is immobility.

Cardiac Tamponade

• Cardiac tamponade is clinically manifested by Beck's triad: hypotension, jugular venous distension, and muffled heart sounds.

Treatment of Atrial Flutter

• The treatment for atrial flutter is electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation, except for medications to control heart rate.

Metabolic Syndrome

• The association of metabolic syndrome is with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Clinical Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction

• The clinical symptoms of acute myocardial infarction include chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, lightheadedness, and fatigue.

Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

• The treatment for atrial fibrillation includes rate control with medications, rhythm control with cardioversion, and prevention of stroke with anticoagulation.

ACE Inhibitors

• The secondary effects of ACE Inhibitors include cough, hyperkalemia, and angioedema.

Complications of Myocardial Infarction

• The mechanical complications of myocardial infarction include ventricular septal rupture, papillary muscle rupture, and free wall rupture.

Contraindications for Beta Blockers

• The absolute contraindications for Betablocker administration in hypertensive patients include sinus bradycardia, heart block, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).