Cardiology and Hypertension Quiz

A type of ventricular tachycardia where the rhythm originates from the same location in the ventricle, leading to a consistent (monomorphic) waveform on the ECG.

A type of ventricular tachycardia with irregular waveforms caused by a variable origin of the rhythm within the ventricle. ECG shows a changing beat-to-beat appearance.

A condition with elevated potassium in the blood, characterized by ECG changes such as wide QRS complex, tall T waves, flattened P waves, and increased PR interval. These changes become more pronounced as potassium level increases.

A condition with low potassium in the blood, characterized by ECG changes such as flattened T waves, prominent U waves, and ST segment depression. These changes become more pronounced as potassium level decreases.

An infection of the heart valves, usually caused by bacteria circulating in the bloodstream. It can lead to serious complications like heart failure, stroke, and emboli.

High blood pressure is a common condition, often caused by lifestyle factors. It can lead to serious health issues if left untreated, but can be managed effectively through lifestyle changes and medication.

The DASH diet is a healthy eating plan designed to lower blood pressure. It emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products, while limiting saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium.

Angina is chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen. It's often a symptom of coronary artery disease, a condition where the arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked.

An acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a serious condition often involving a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart. It can lead to a heart attack or unstable angina.

Troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream when heart muscle is damaged. It's a very sensitive marker for detecting a heart attack, even if the ECG is normal.

A type of bacteria that can cause pneumonia, especially in people with weakened immune systems.

A type of bacteria that can cause pneumonia, particularly Legionnaires' disease.

A type of virus that can cause pneumonia, particularly in people with HIV/AIDS.

A sign of pneumonia where the lung tissue becomes solid, resulting in a dull sound when tapped.

The process of determining a patient's risk of pneumonia severity based on a specific scoring system.

A type of fluid that accumulates in the space between the lung and chest wall.

A type of pleural effusion where the fluid has a high protein content and is usually localized to one side of the chest.

A type of pleural effusion where the fluid has a low protein content and is usually present on both sides of the chest.

A condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, commonly in the legs. These clots can travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE).

A blood clot that travels from one part of your body to your lungs, blocking blood flow and causing serious problems.

A scoring system used to assess the likelihood of a Pulmonary Embolism (PE). It helps doctors decide if further testing is needed.

A condition characterized by a high risk of developing blood clots. It can be inherited (present from birth) or acquired (develop later in life).

A test that measures the level of a protein called D-dimer in the blood. High D-dimer levels can indicate the presence of blood clots, but it is not specific for Pulmonary Embolism (PE).

A neurological disorder affecting the brain, specifically Broca's area, causing difficulties in producing speech, characterized by slow, halting, and often grammatically incorrect speech.

A neurological condition affecting Wernicke's area in the brain, leading to difficulties in comprehending language despite fluent and seemingly grammatically correct speech, often filled with nonsensical words.

A type of stroke affecting the brainstem, specifically the lateral medulla, leading to a group of specific symptoms, often including loss of sensation on one side of the body (ipsilateral), weakness of the face and limb on the other side (contralateral), difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and impaired balance (ataxia), often accompanied by Horner's syndrome (droopy eyelid, small pupil, and reduced sweating) and hiccups (singultus).

A complex neurological disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, affecting both upper motor neurons (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN). It leads to difficulties in movement, speech, swallowing, and breathing.

A specific type of disorder affecting the nervous system, characterized by damage to the motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, atrophy, and difficulty in movement, with different patterns of weakness depending on whether the upper motor neurons (UMN) or lower motor neurons (LMN) are affected.

A triad of clinical signs indicating increased intracranial pressure (ICT) in severe cases: 1. Hypertension, 2. Bradycardia, 3. Irregular breathing (respiratory distress).

A reflex where the heart rate slows down (bradycardia) in response to increased intracranial pressure (ICT).

A condition where there is an increase in the pressure inside the skull, often caused by a buildup of fluid or swelling in the brain.

The difference between Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) and Intracranial (ICT) pressure, reflecting the pressure available to perfuse the brain.

A condition characterized by increased CSF pressure within the brain, leading to symptoms like headache, blurred vision, and gait difficulties, but with normal ventricular size.

A condition with increased intracranial pressure, but with no clear underlying cause, often presenting as symptoms like headaches, blurry vision, and papilledema.

A progressive decline in cognitive function, affecting memory, thinking, and behavior, leading to impairment in daily activities.

An irreversible form of dementia caused by a buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The most common type of dementia. Features: memory loss, confusion, disorientation, language difficulties, behavioral changes.