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Cardiac Physiology: SA Node and Heartbeat Regulation
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Cardiac Physiology: SA Node and Heartbeat Regulation

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Questions and Answers

Where does the gaseous exchange occur?

  • Through the capillaries (correct)
  • In the veins
  • In the plasma
  • In the right atrium
  • What is the percentage of water in plasma?

  • 90% (correct)
  • 50%
  • 30%
  • 70%
  • Where does the non-oxygenated blood go after gaseous exchange?

  • To the left atrium
  • To the right atrium (correct)
  • To the capillaries
  • To the veins
  • What is the function of the capillaries in gaseous exchange?

    <p>To facilitate direct attachment with the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the remaining 10% of plasma?

    <p>Dissolved materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the SA node?

    <p>To control the contraction of the cardiac muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the SA node located?

    <p>In the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the SA node to send signals to contract the cardiac muscles?

    <p>The need for oxygen in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the signals sent by the SA node?

    <p>Contraction of the cardiac muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the signals sent by the SA node?

    <p>They are transmitted to the atrioventricular node and then to the ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is blood pressure?

    <p>The pressure created by the blood on the wall of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the blood in the circulatory system?

    <p>To exchange oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between cells and the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal blood pressure?

    <p>120/80 systolic pressure over diastolic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between arteries and veins?

    <p>Arteries carry oxygenated blood, while veins carry non-oxygenated blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the lymphatic system in the circulatory system?

    <p>To transport materials that fight pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

    <p>Left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path of oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?

    <p>From the heart to the left atrium to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the wall of blood vessels?

    <p>Three layers: connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the oxygenated blood in the lungs?

    <p>It increases its oxygen concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

    <p>To exchange materials and waste products between blood and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the wall of arteries and veins?

    <p>The wall of arteries is thicker than the wall of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path of non-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart?

    <p>From the body to the right atrium to the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs?

    <p>To oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>To pump oxygenated blood to the body and non-oxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of smooth muscle in the circulatory system?

    <p>To help push blood through the blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the oxygenation of blood occur in the lungs?

    <p>Through passive diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of non-oxygenated blood?

    <p>Dark red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of endothelium in the circulatory system?

    <p>To allow the exchange of materials and waste products between blood and cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path of non-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

    <p>From the heart to the pulmonary artery to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of valves in the veins?

    <p>To prevent the backflow of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hemoglobin in the blood?

    <p>To carry oxygen to the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of platelets in the blood?

    <p>To form blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of white blood cells?

    <p>To fight diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between type O blood and other blood types?

    <p>It has no antigens on the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when Rh-negative person receives blood from an Rh-positive donor?

    <p>The immune system will produce antibodies against the Rh antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atherosclerosis?

    <p>A circulatory disorder caused by fat deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fibrin in blood clotting?

    <p>To form a net to collect RBCs and platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are white blood cells produced?

    <p>In the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the blood capillary gets damaged?

    <p>The platelets produce chemicals to promote blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between red blood cells and white blood cells?

    <p>Red blood cells carry oxygen, while white blood cells fight infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Circulatory System

    • The circulatory system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
    • The heart's function is to pump oxygenated blood to the body and non-oxygenated blood to the lungs.
    • Blood vessels are made up of three layers: connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelium (epithelial cells).

    Blood Vessels

    • Arteries are thick-walled and carry blood away from the heart.
    • Veins are thinner and carry blood back to the heart.
    • Capillaries are very thin and allow for the exchange of materials between the blood and cells.

    Blood

    • Blood is composed of plasma (yellow liquid), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
    • Plasma makes up 90% of blood and is composed of water and dissolved materials.
    • RBCs contain hemoglobin, which attaches to oxygen to carry it to the body's cells.
    • WBCs fight diseases and are produced in the red bone marrow.
    • Platelets are parts of blood cells that help in blood clotting.

    Heart

    • The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to the body and lungs.
    • It has a pacemaker (SA node) that regulates heart beats according to the body's need for oxygen.

    Blood Pressure

    • Blood pressure is the pressure created by the blood on the wall of blood vessels.
    • It is calculated by touching the artery in the hand.
    • Normal blood pressure is 120/80 systolic pressure over diastolic pressure.

    Blood Flow

    • Blood flows from the heart to the body, and then back to the heart through the lungs.
    • The oxygenated blood is pumped from the left side of the heart to the body, while the non-oxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs.

    Blood Components

    • Plasma is the liquid part of blood that makes up 90% of it.
    • Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which attaches to oxygen to carry it to the body's cells.
    • White blood cells fight diseases and are produced in the red bone marrow.
    • Platelets are parts of blood cells that help in blood clotting.

    Blood Types

    • There are four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O.
    • Each blood type has a specific antigen and antibody combination.
    • A person with a specific blood type can only receive blood from a compatible donor.

    Circulatory System Disorders

    • Atherosclerosis is a disorder in which the arteries become narrow and hard, leading to a reduction in blood flow to the body's cells.
    • It can lead to serious complications such as heart attacks, strokes, and death.
    • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet can help prevent atherosclerosis.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the function of the sinoatrial node in regulating the heartbeat and cardiac muscle contractions in response to the body's oxygen needs.

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