40 Questions
Where does the gaseous exchange occur?
Through the capillaries
What is the percentage of water in plasma?
90%
Where does the non-oxygenated blood go after gaseous exchange?
To the right atrium
What is the function of the capillaries in gaseous exchange?
To facilitate direct attachment with the cells
What makes up the remaining 10% of plasma?
Dissolved materials
What is the main function of the SA node?
To control the contraction of the cardiac muscles
Where is the SA node located?
In the right atrium
What triggers the SA node to send signals to contract the cardiac muscles?
The need for oxygen in the body
What is the result of the signals sent by the SA node?
Contraction of the cardiac muscles
What happens to the signals sent by the SA node?
They are transmitted to the atrioventricular node and then to the ventricles
What is blood pressure?
The pressure created by the blood on the wall of blood vessels
What is the primary function of the blood in the circulatory system?
To exchange oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between cells and the blood
What is the normal blood pressure?
120/80 systolic pressure over diastolic pressure
What is the main difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries carry oxygenated blood, while veins carry non-oxygenated blood
What is the function of the lymphatic system in the circulatory system?
To transport materials that fight pathogens
Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?
Left side
What is the path of oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
From the heart to the left atrium to the body
What is the structure of the wall of blood vessels?
Three layers: connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelium
What happens to the oxygenated blood in the lungs?
It increases its oxygen concentration
What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
To exchange materials and waste products between blood and cells
What is the difference between the wall of arteries and veins?
The wall of arteries is thicker than the wall of veins
What is the path of non-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart?
From the body to the right atrium to the heart
What is the purpose of the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs?
To oxygenate the blood and remove carbon dioxide
What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?
To pump oxygenated blood to the body and non-oxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the role of smooth muscle in the circulatory system?
To help push blood through the blood vessels
How does the oxygenation of blood occur in the lungs?
Through passive diffusion
What is the color of non-oxygenated blood?
Dark red
What is the function of endothelium in the circulatory system?
To allow the exchange of materials and waste products between blood and cells
What is the path of non-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
From the heart to the pulmonary artery to the lungs
What is the purpose of valves in the veins?
To prevent the backflow of blood
What is the main function of hemoglobin in the blood?
To carry oxygen to the cells
What is the purpose of platelets in the blood?
To form blood clots
What is the function of white blood cells?
To fight diseases
What is the difference between type O blood and other blood types?
It has no antigens on the surface
What happens when Rh-negative person receives blood from an Rh-positive donor?
The immune system will produce antibodies against the Rh antigen
What is atherosclerosis?
A circulatory disorder caused by fat deposits
What is the role of fibrin in blood clotting?
To form a net to collect RBCs and platelets
Where are white blood cells produced?
In the bone marrow
What happens when the blood capillary gets damaged?
The platelets produce chemicals to promote blood clotting
What is the main difference between red blood cells and white blood cells?
Red blood cells carry oxygen, while white blood cells fight infections
Study Notes
Circulatory System
- The circulatory system is composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
- The heart's function is to pump oxygenated blood to the body and non-oxygenated blood to the lungs.
- Blood vessels are made up of three layers: connective tissue, smooth muscle, and endothelium (epithelial cells).
Blood Vessels
- Arteries are thick-walled and carry blood away from the heart.
- Veins are thinner and carry blood back to the heart.
- Capillaries are very thin and allow for the exchange of materials between the blood and cells.
Blood
- Blood is composed of plasma (yellow liquid), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
- Plasma makes up 90% of blood and is composed of water and dissolved materials.
- RBCs contain hemoglobin, which attaches to oxygen to carry it to the body's cells.
- WBCs fight diseases and are produced in the red bone marrow.
- Platelets are parts of blood cells that help in blood clotting.
Heart
- The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood to the body and lungs.
- It has a pacemaker (SA node) that regulates heart beats according to the body's need for oxygen.
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure is the pressure created by the blood on the wall of blood vessels.
- It is calculated by touching the artery in the hand.
- Normal blood pressure is 120/80 systolic pressure over diastolic pressure.
Blood Flow
- Blood flows from the heart to the body, and then back to the heart through the lungs.
- The oxygenated blood is pumped from the left side of the heart to the body, while the non-oxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
Blood Components
- Plasma is the liquid part of blood that makes up 90% of it.
- Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which attaches to oxygen to carry it to the body's cells.
- White blood cells fight diseases and are produced in the red bone marrow.
- Platelets are parts of blood cells that help in blood clotting.
Blood Types
- There are four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O.
- Each blood type has a specific antigen and antibody combination.
- A person with a specific blood type can only receive blood from a compatible donor.
Circulatory System Disorders
- Atherosclerosis is a disorder in which the arteries become narrow and hard, leading to a reduction in blood flow to the body's cells.
- It can lead to serious complications such as heart attacks, strokes, and death.
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and diet can help prevent atherosclerosis.
This quiz covers the function of the sinoatrial node in regulating the heartbeat and cardiac muscle contractions in response to the body's oxygen needs.
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