Cardiac Murmur Diagnosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where is the murmur associated with mitral valve stenosis best heard?

  • At the right sternal border
  • At the base of the heart
  • At the left sternal border
  • At the apex of the heart (correct)
  • What change may be observed in the mitral valve leaflets in echocardiography of a patient with mitral valve stenosis?

  • Decreased size of left atrium
  • Decreased thickness
  • Increased excursion of valve leaflets
  • Thickening of valve leaflets (correct)
  • Which sign may indicate pulmonary hypertension on a chest X-ray?

  • Decreased vascular markings
  • Pleural effusion
  • Rib notching
  • Kerley B lines (correct)
  • What cardiac abnormality might an ECG show in a patient with mitral valve stenosis?

    <p>Right ventricular hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mitral valve stenosis, what position should the patient be in to best hear the murmur?

    <p>Left lateral position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used to decrease heart rate and cardiac output in patients with mitral valve stenosis?

    <p>Beta-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected impact of left ventricular dilation on myofibrils?

    <p>Decreased actin-myosin interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aortic regurgitation, which gene defect is associated with Marfan's syndrome?

    <p>FBN1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is more likely to be seen in acute aortic regurgitation?

    <p>Sudden dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which auscultation finding is characteristic of aortic regurgitation?

    <p>Collapsing pulse (water hammer pulse)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical quality of the apex beat in aortic regurgitation?

    <p>Displaced and forceful in quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which murmur is associated with aortic regurgitation and radiates to the lower left sternal edge?

    <p>Early diastolic decrescendo murmur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic auscultation finding in mitral regurgitation?

    <p>Diastolic murmur at the apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test may show cardiomegaly and dilated left ventricle in mitral regurgitation?

    <p>Echocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment option is recommended for symptomatic patients with mitral regurgitation?

    <p>Afterload reduction with vasodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a common contributing risk factor for arrhythmia, endocarditis, and stroke?

    <p>Mitral valve prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which patient population is mitral valve prolapse more commonly seen?

    <p>Postmenopausal women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change in sound is associated with lying on the left side in mitral regurgitation?

    <p>Murmur becomes louder</p> Signup and view all the answers

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