Cardiac Murmur Diagnosis Quiz

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Where is the murmur associated with mitral valve stenosis best heard?

At the right sternal border

At the base of the heart

At the left sternal border

At the apex of the heart (correct)

What change may be observed in the mitral valve leaflets in echocardiography of a patient with mitral valve stenosis?

Decreased size of left atrium

Decreased thickness

Increased excursion of valve leaflets

Thickening of valve leaflets (correct)

Which sign may indicate pulmonary hypertension on a chest X-ray?

Decreased vascular markings

Pleural effusion

Rib notching

Kerley B lines (correct)

What cardiac abnormality might an ECG show in a patient with mitral valve stenosis?

Right ventricular hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

In mitral valve stenosis, what position should the patient be in to best hear the murmur?

Left lateral position Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to decrease heart rate and cardiac output in patients with mitral valve stenosis?

Beta-blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected impact of left ventricular dilation on myofibrils?

Decreased actin-myosin interaction Signup and view all the answers

In aortic regurgitation, which gene defect is associated with Marfan's syndrome?

FBN1 Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is more likely to be seen in acute aortic regurgitation?

Sudden dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

Which auscultation finding is characteristic of aortic regurgitation?

Collapsing pulse (water hammer pulse) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical quality of the apex beat in aortic regurgitation?

Displaced and forceful in quality Signup and view all the answers

Which murmur is associated with aortic regurgitation and radiates to the lower left sternal edge?

Early diastolic decrescendo murmur Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic auscultation finding in mitral regurgitation?

Diastolic murmur at the apex Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test may show cardiomegaly and dilated left ventricle in mitral regurgitation?

Echocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

What treatment option is recommended for symptomatic patients with mitral regurgitation?

Afterload reduction with vasodilators Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a common contributing risk factor for arrhythmia, endocarditis, and stroke?

Mitral valve prolapse Signup and view all the answers

In which patient population is mitral valve prolapse more commonly seen?

Postmenopausal women Signup and view all the answers

What change in sound is associated with lying on the left side in mitral regurgitation?

Murmur becomes louder Signup and view all the answers