Cardiac Murmur Diagnosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where is the murmur associated with mitral valve stenosis best heard?

  • At the right sternal border
  • At the base of the heart
  • At the left sternal border
  • At the apex of the heart (correct)

What change may be observed in the mitral valve leaflets in echocardiography of a patient with mitral valve stenosis?

  • Decreased size of left atrium
  • Decreased thickness
  • Increased excursion of valve leaflets
  • Thickening of valve leaflets (correct)

Which sign may indicate pulmonary hypertension on a chest X-ray?

  • Decreased vascular markings
  • Pleural effusion
  • Rib notching
  • Kerley B lines (correct)

What cardiac abnormality might an ECG show in a patient with mitral valve stenosis?

<p>Right ventricular hypertrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In mitral valve stenosis, what position should the patient be in to best hear the murmur?

<p>Left lateral position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to decrease heart rate and cardiac output in patients with mitral valve stenosis?

<p>Beta-blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected impact of left ventricular dilation on myofibrils?

<p>Decreased actin-myosin interaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In aortic regurgitation, which gene defect is associated with Marfan's syndrome?

<p>FBN1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is more likely to be seen in acute aortic regurgitation?

<p>Sudden dyspnea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which auscultation finding is characteristic of aortic regurgitation?

<p>Collapsing pulse (water hammer pulse) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical quality of the apex beat in aortic regurgitation?

<p>Displaced and forceful in quality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which murmur is associated with aortic regurgitation and radiates to the lower left sternal edge?

<p>Early diastolic decrescendo murmur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic auscultation finding in mitral regurgitation?

<p>Diastolic murmur at the apex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test may show cardiomegaly and dilated left ventricle in mitral regurgitation?

<p>Echocardiogram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What treatment option is recommended for symptomatic patients with mitral regurgitation?

<p>Afterload reduction with vasodilators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a common contributing risk factor for arrhythmia, endocarditis, and stroke?

<p>Mitral valve prolapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which patient population is mitral valve prolapse more commonly seen?

<p>Postmenopausal women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change in sound is associated with lying on the left side in mitral regurgitation?

<p>Murmur becomes louder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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